Researchers will try to detoxify soil with plants

Silicon dioxide, microbes, humus, and increasingly frequent human activities are rewriting this originally healthy list of soil constituents. The latest test of a national 973 project found that more than 100 kinds of harmful substances were found in a soil in a certain area of ​​the Yangtze River Delta. Among them, PCBs are toxic substances that are of great concern to the international community. They remain in the soil and accumulate and magnify through the food chain, which will ultimately harm human health. The 973 project under the auspices of the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, is entitled “Change Principles and Regulation Principles of Soil and Atmospheric Environmental Quality in the Yangtze River and Pearl River Delta Areas”. The investigation sites are focused on Suzhou and Jiaxing, including Nanjing, Shanghai and 13 other Triangle City. In addition to pesticide pollution, persistent organic pollutants and toxic heavy metal pollution are prominent problems. Among them, persistent organic pollutants mostly appear in the process of transformer disassembly or incomplete combustion of materials. Researchers speculate that this may be related to foreign waste and disorderly extensive recovery of electronic products. Luo Yongming, chief scientist of the project and director of the Soil and Environment Bioremediation Research Center of the Nanjing Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, said that the changes in soil composition are closely related to industrialization, urbanization, and human activities—plants and power plants will generate large amounts of heavy metals and organic pollution. Substances; polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons of persistent organic pollutants are contained in automotive exhaust gas; PCBs are disassembled from transformers and some electrical appliances; unreasonable recycling of batteries, lamps, and some electronic products is also likely to lead to products such as mercury, cadmium, etc. Heavy metal pollution; In addition, straw fertilizers that have been widely used in rural areas are currently available as evidence that there may be organic contamination of the soil. Do not think that the toxic substances in the soil will be permanently sealed in the soil. There are indications that harmful substances in the soil may volatilize to the air and cause secondary pollution. For example, organic contaminants such as pesticides can migrate long distances and spread across mountains and rivers. How to make the land on which we live to return to our character? Only control from the source. To this end, the task force is investigating the list of relevant pollutants. For those soils that have been contaminated, researchers will use the plant to “get out of the mountains” to help the soil “eat” off contaminants. For example, the wild plant, Southeast Jingtian, grew up in the mining area since childhood, and its ability to absorb zinc, cadmium, and lead was 100 times that of ordinary plants, while another plant called alfalfa “loved the arsenic” for arsenic. In addition, the research group of the Shanghai Institute of Plant Physiology and Ecology of the Chinese Academy of Sciences is trying to transplant microorganisms' "degradation genes" into plants. At present, they have successfully cultivated the world's first batch of genetically modified tobacco that “eat” heavy metals, which is expected to be used to degrade mercury contamination in soil.

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