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The Causes and Countermeasures of Physiological Diseases and Abnormal Growth of Celery
Celery is a new type of high-quality vegetable with its thick petioles as the main edible organs. It has thick petiole, less fiber, crisp and sweet taste, and is rich in nutrients. Due to good quality, high output, large market demand and high planting efficiency, the country's planting area has been expanding year by year. In the production, due to various factors, some physiological diseases and growth abnormalities often occur, which seriously affect the quality and output of celery, and often cause great losses. First, hollow stem 1, cause. (1) Improper cultivation and management: During the growth period of celery, there is a lack of water and fertilizer, and the supply of fertilizer and water is uneven. In particular, fertilization is insufficient or defertilization occurs in the middle and late stages of growth, which is more likely to cause hollowness. (2) The impact of adverse environmental conditions: high temperature and high ground temperature during the growth period, affecting normal growth, low temperature or cold injury during late autumn and winter cultivation, and excessive temperature and overgrowth in greenhouse production in winter. Hollow. (3) Harvesting too late: After aging, the ability of the roots to absorb water and fertilizers is weakened, the thick petiole tissue thickens, and the parenchyma cells rupture to form a hollow. (4) The concentration of sprayed gibberellin is too large, the number of times is too much, the high-temperature drought or low-temperature weather after spraying, and the water and fertilizer supply is not timely after spraying, all can cause hollowness. (5) Variety degradation. Hollow cultivars will be hollowed out after many years of planting, and breeding will be unscientific. There will not be enough seed separation distance to hybridize with hollow species. (6) Counterfeit Seeds: Seed operators are selling wild glutinous celery seeds at low prices for profiteering. 2. Preventive measures. (1) Strengthen the cultivation and management, in addition to appropriate seedlings after planting, and stop watering 5-6 days prior to harvesting, apply fertilizer on the basis of sufficient base fertilizer and apply fertilizer to water in the rest of the time to prevent plant aging, especially to avoid droughts in the high temperature season. Water, high temperature season available shading net shading cultivation. To prevent pests and weeds in a timely manner to prevent artificial damage to the roots, the temperature in the winter cultivation shed should be kept above 5°C. (2) timely harvest, 80-90 days after planting as the best harvest period, harvesting too late, the number of hollow increased significantly. (3) Strictly control the application concentration, times and period of gibberellin, and pay attention to the combination of top dressing and watering. The application method of gibberellin is: spraying 30 days before and 20 days before harvest, concentration is 20 mg/kg, or harvesting The first 25 days, 15 days with two sprays, the concentration of 35 mg / kg, spraying gibberellin, can be added in the solution 2% of urea and potassium dihydrogen phosphate. (4) To select high-quality seeds, qualified seed should be purchased from the regular seed management department to prevent the use of counterfeit seeds. Second, early bolting 1, causes. (1) The celery is planted too early in spring and the seedling raising temperature is low. In the low temperature environment of 2-5°C in the seedling stage or during the growth process, the plants can get bolting through the vernalization for 10-20 days. (2) Improper cultivation and management: the seedling period is too long, the seedling age is too large, the supply of water and fertilizers is insufficient, the seedlings are excessive after planting, and serious diseases, pests and weeds are caused. Are likely to cause poor plant growth and bolting in advance. (3) Spring celery was harvested too late and bolting was significantly increased. (4) Poor seed quality, old seeds or seeds that have been used for many years, germination rate and germination potential are significantly reduced, plant growth potential is poor, vegetative growth is poor, and early bolting is prone to occur. 2. Preventive measures. (1) The use of the French Queen Euty, Ventura, Celery No. 3 and other winters is strong and suitable for planting under low temperature conditions. (2) Prevent the use of old seeds. (3) Spring celery should be nursed at a proper time, and the nursery should be thickened with insulation. Prevent seedlings from growing too long at low temperatures. (4) To avoid excessive seedlings, timely and uniform supply of water and fertilizer in the middle and late growth period, timely prevention and control of pests and diseases, and promote robust growth of plants. After 80 days of growing period, timely harvesting is performed to prevent the growth period from pulling too long. Third, excessive fiber 1, the cause. (1) Variety, petiole color lighter yellow-green, green-white petiole varieties of fiber less, and petiole darker green varieties contain more cellulose. (2) During the growing period of celery, it was exposed to high temperature and drought. The water supply in the plant body was insufficient. The thick tissue of the petiole was thickened and the fibers increased. (3) The cultivation density is too small, the distance between the plants is too large, the petiole is exposed to sunlight, the plants are aged, and the fibers increase. 2. Preventive measures. (1) Choose cultivars such as Ventura and Gaoyou, which have less petiole fibers. (2) Proper close planting, reasonable cultivation, and healthy plant growth. (3) Cultivation in high temperature seasons should be shaded and cooled to ensure water and fertilizer supply. (4) During the prosperous period, spraying 1-2 times of gibberellic acid 25-50 mg/kg can reduce fiber content and improve quality. (5) Timely harvesting prevents the increase of fiber due to plant aging. Fourth, celery rotten heart disease 1, the cause. The rot caused by celery is caused by calcium deficiency or lack of boron. The main reasons are: (1) high temperature and drought, inappropriate fertilization, or high temperature in protective cultivation, serious water shortage, affecting the effective absorption of calcium in the soil by roots. (2) Excessive amounts of nitrogen, potassium, and magnesium in the soil impede the absorption and movement of calcium in the soil due to antagonism, resulting in the decay of part of the heart. (3) The soil salt concentration is too high, affecting the absorption of calcium. (4) Soil boron content is low, or the absorption of boron by plants is affected due to antagonism. (5) When the content of calcium in the soil is too high or too low, the absorption of boron by celery decreases, causing the young leaves to turn brown and the heart leaves to become necrotic. 2. Preventive measures. (1) Selection of excellent varieties, Youhe 52-70, Ventura and other celery varieties are highly resistant to calcium deficiency disease. (2) Strengthen cultivation and management, rationally apply top dressing fertilizer, and prevent drought and wetness in the field. (3) Foliar spraying 0.5% calcium chloride or calcium nitrate in the initial stage of disease, 2-3 times in succession, and spraying boron 0.2-0.3% borax when boron is deficient. (4) When cultivated in protected areas, attention should be paid to the adjustment of indoor temperature and humidity, and a reasonable balance of water supply and fertilizer. Fifth, the reason for the occurrence of celery root 1. The roots of lotus roots occur at the seedling stage. After the seedlings emerge from the soil, they grow slowly. The roots of the young roots are rust-brown and gradually rot. In severe cases, the diseased plants are wilted during the day and they recover at night and finally die. Seed bed humidity is too high, long-term low temperature, lack of light is the main reason to guide the roots. In the event of continuous raining, snowing and other weather during the seedling period, it is prone to low temperature and high humidity for a long time. 2. Preventive measures. (1) The seedbed should have a well-drained plot. (2) Apply sufficient organic fertilizer in the pot to improve the structure and permeability of the soil in the bed, and smooth the surface to prevent accumulation of water. (3) The seedling temperature should be kept above 15°C to prevent cold and cold winds from attacking. (4) timely weeding the seedlings, strengthen ventilation and light transmission, improve seedling resistance. (5) Loose soil at the early stage of the disease to increase the temperature of the soil and promote root growth.