Spring is a crucial period for the management of fruits and vegetables in a year. The winter and spring temperatures are low and the rainy weather lasts for a long time. The lack of light causes the adverse growth environment to reduce the plant's resistance to stress. At the same time, during the holiday season, the management of the greenhouses is extensive and the shed time is too long. It is easy to induce diseases and insect pests and affect the quality of seedlings. Therefore, all localities must strengthen the management of vegetable production, do a good job in the management and planting of seedlings such as eggplant and melons, and pay attention to preventing the adverse effects of the weather such as late spring and cold. Combining the spring weather trends in the city, the technical advice on the plant protection of vegetable seedlings in the spring of 2012 is proposed for reference in spring vegetable production.

First, do a good job in early spring vegetables seedling management

1. Improve the quality of planting and strengthen the management of seedlings. Before the planting, it is necessary to make good preparations for fertilization. In particular, pay attention to the use of base fertilizer. According to different types of facilities and nursery preparations timely planting, choose healthy and disease-free seedlings, timely rooting water after planting. Strengthen the management of seedlings at the seedling stage. After the planting of the vegetables in the protected area, increase the temperature and the ground temperature after the planting, pay attention to supplementing the light, and promote the slow seedling growth. For open-field vegetables, the seedlings should be watered in time according to the lyrics. After watering for 10-15 days, no watering or no fertilizer is applied.

2, to strengthen fertilizer management, pay attention to cold insulation. After the greenhouse vegetable is planted, the quick-appropriate fertilizer can be applied in a timely manner, and at the same time, it is necessary to prevent the phenomenon of leggy caused by insufficient irradiation due to lack of light, watering immediately after applying fertilizer, and paying attention to ventilation. Avoid flood irrigation, will increase the occurrence of pests and diseases within the shed, or even cause shed damage, suitable for drip irrigation under the membrane or small water ground irrigation method. Immediately after planting, cover the mulch, build a small shed, and ditch the shed for 3 to 7 days in order to facilitate the promotion of early seedlings. After easing the seedlings, depending on weather changes, good ventilation and cover film management should be done. Ventilation and ventilation in time, strengthen moisture and humidity control. In early spring, due to the low ambient temperature, the ventilation in the greenhouse is small, and the amount of watering depends on the weather, plant growth, and soil moisture conditions.

Second, pay attention to early spring vegetable seedling pest control

1. Prevalence of plant diseases and pests in early spring vegetables

Bacterial damping-off and damping-off are one of the common diseases of vegetable seedlings. Severe onset of rainy weather and less light during the breeding season cause severe disease, causing seedlings to die. Phytophthora infestans and other diseases such as broomcorn roots occur frequently, and seedlings with seedlings that are cold and warm and have poor light management have various degrees of frost damage. Under the conditions of insufficient sunshine, high humidity, and low temperature, vegetables in protected areas in spring are susceptible to low temperature, high humidity, and underground pests, but they often reduce the seedlings planting rate, and they cause a large number of seedling deaths and delay the farming season. Therefore, strengthening the field management during nursery and carrying out the prevention and control of pests and diseases in vegetables at the seedling stage is the key to the harvest of high yields of vegetables.

2. Control methods

(1) Pay attention to weather forecast and strengthen seedling disease prevention and management

It was found that holes in the sheds and leaks were promptly repaired on the gambling holes. The seedlings of eggplants and cucurbits should always be checked for seedbeds. When the film was removed on a sunny day, the diseased seedlings should be promptly removed. The conditional seedbeds can use light to supplement light on cloudy days to promote the growth of seedlings; for overgrowth seedlings, they can achieve controlled overgrowth through temperature-controlled hardiness seedlings and transplanted false plants to enhance the adaptability of crops to cold resistance; The growth of thin, frostbite, poor root growth seedlings can be sprayed with brassin to promote healthy growth. For high-humidity greenhouses, dry soil moisture is used to control the humidity in the greenhouse. The prevention of seedling disease should be controlled once every 7-10 days.

(2) Carry out green prevention and control of pests and diseases

Strengthen the green prevention and control technology measures that are mainly based on agricultural control and supplemented by chemical control, and conduct centralized prevention and control of major disease diseases such as gray mold, blight, and damping-off in the seedling melons. In good weather, ventilation and ventilation of greenhouses should be strengthened to reduce the incidence of vegetables and ensure the healthy growth of vegetables. To prevent the occurrence of seedling disease, a broad-spectrum fungicide can be used, and at the noon of the sunny day, regular spraying protection is performed before the onset of the disease. Before planting, seedlings must be transplanted with drugs, and individual growth and diseased seedlings in transplanted greenhouses should be treated according to different diseases to catch the disease at the early stage to prevent delays.

Botrytis cinerea: ventilated and ventilated, reduce the humidity in the greenhouse; diseased plants and diseased leaves are burned or buried deep outside the greenhouse; chemical control: 30% pyrimethanil suspension agent 1000 times, 50% boscalid 2000 is available The reagents such as liquids are sprayed at the initial stage of the disease. In case of continuous rainy days, it can be controlled by aerosol. Because of the high resistance of Botrytis cinerea, we must pay attention to the rotation of drugs, so as to avoid or delay the emergence of drug resistance, and improve the prevention and treatment of gray mold.

Blight and damping-off: strengthen management, pay attention to adjust the temperature and humidity of the seedbed; watering should be carried out on a sunny day, try to control the number of watering; sunny and timely removal of film ventilation, light rain, rainy days seedbed humidity is too high, can be sprinkled Apply haywood ash to reduce the humidity of the seedbed; immediately after the central diseased plant is found, it is removed and sprayed to protect it. The medicine can be sprayed on or sprayed with 50% carbendazim, 30% carbendazim, and thiram. Prevention.

Underground pests: In terms of prevention and control strategies, agricultural control measures should be used as the basis for the deterioration of their ecological environment and supplemented with chemical control measures. Prevention of underground pests should be based on the national regulations concerning the use of pesticides, and safe and reasonable control agents should be selected. For example, new highly effective and low toxic agents such as piperididin and methoxyfenozide should be used instead of chlorpyrifos for pesticides with high toxicity and easy residue levels. Control, spread pesticides when planting Note Do not directly contact with the root to prevent phytotoxicity.

Roots: The seedbed should be high-drying, sheltered from the sun, and must be kept flat to prevent flooding; strengthen ground temperature management during the nursery period to avoid low or excessively low soil temperature in the seedbeds. Pay attention to moisturizing; adopt electric heating seedlings to control the seedbed temperature at about 16°C, generally not lower than 12°C; when slight rooting occurs, loosen the soil and increase soil temperature, and use humic acid liquid fertilizer or alginicin 1000 times liquid Spraying.

3, vegetables, disease prevention and pest control pay attention to the prevention of cold winter

In recent years, late spring and cold weather frequently occur, causing serious damage to vegetable production. Effective and effective measures must be taken in the management to prevent the occurrence of diseases and insect pests, especially low-temperature and high-humidity diseases, and to minimize the impact of late spring on vegetable production.

(1) Strengthen cold exercise and improve the cold resistance of seedlings. After the seedlings are discharged, attention must be paid to ventilating the seedbeds in time, and gradually increasing the ventilation volume as the weather warms up, so that the young seedlings of the vegetables can exercise at low temperatures to improve the cold resistance of the seedlings and adapt to the outdoor low temperature environment.

(2) Increase insulation measures. A multi-layer agricultural film such as a shed and a small shed is used for insulation. As the weather gradually warms up in the next stage, the insulation film inside the shed must not be removed early. The small arches inside can be removed first, leaving the second layer or even three layers of agricultural film ready for re-covering the cold, and it is necessary to pay close attention to the weather forecast. After the temperature stabilizes, it can be completely removed. Just planting vegetable seedlings, it is recommended to set a small shed in the arch shed to prevent cold, but also in the outside of the arch surrounding thermal insulation materials to avoid wind and cold.

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