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First, the design and construction of a small pond Currently farming methods commonly used in astragalus cultivation are cages, concrete pools, and earthen ponds. The specific farming methods used can be based on the local and farmers' specific conditions: There are fish ponds. And reservoirs, which can be used to carry out cage culture of Astragalus membranaceus; paddy fields with better water storage conditions can be converted into earthen ponds for feeding Astragalus membranaceus; if paddy fields with poor dry conditions or water storage conditions are used to raise Astragalus, then It is necessary to build cement pools.
1. Setting of cages Culture cages of Astragalus membranaceus are generally made of durable polyethylene mesh cloth (also known as “screening Juan cloth†and “箩 bottom clothâ€), generally costing 6-10 yuan per square meter, and can be used 3 Year or so. The shape of the cage is preferably rectangular, with a bottom area of ​​6-30 square meters and a depth of 1-1.5 meters. The use of nylon thread can be used to securely fasten. If a cage with a water depth of 1.5 meters or less is used to set up the cage, the cage can be fixed directly to the bottom of the tank. If a deepwater pond or a reservoir is used to set up the cage, the floating cage can be set up using waste oil barrels and tires.
2. The construction of the earthen pond The earthen pond was actually constructed by transforming the rice paddies into a small earthen pond with a width of 3 meters and a length of no more than 10 meters. In general, the conversion of 1 mu of paddy field requires only 3,000 yuan, which is currently the most economical way of raising fish. It is required that each pond has a water storage depth of 50 cm or more, and a drainage ditch should be provided between every two rows of pools so that the pool of water in a single pond can be drained when necessary. Each earthen pond is surrounded by polyethylene net cloth to prevent flight: Use a polyethylene mesh cloth with a width of 1 meter or more, bury it 20-30 centimeters under the soil, and use an interface to sew with a nylon thread. The wall is upright to prevent the yellow locust from escaping.
3. The one-time investment for the construction of concrete pools for cement pools is relatively large, usually 30-50 yuan per square meter, but the use period is long (generally up to 20 years), and the management is more convenient and the water-saving performance is good. One way that farmers are happy to adopt. The size of the cement pool is generally 10-30 square meters. The depth of the pool is 60-80 cm. The probe bricks (made of anti-chocks) in the pool mouth are made into arcs to prevent the jaundice from escaping. The bottom of the tank is concreted with concrete, so that the bottom of the tank is slightly inclined toward the outlet. Set up overflow water pipes on the lower side of the pool: Take two plastic water pipe elbows with a diameter of 5 cm or more, connect them with a length of water pipe that is longer than the thickness of the pool wall, and bury it in the water outlet to make it an elbow In the pool, an elbow is outside the pool. The elbow in the pool is at the lowest level with the bottom of the pool. The elbow outside the pool is plugged with a water pipe of a size appropriate to its size. The length of the water pipe depends on the required depth of the pool water, typically 30-40 cm. A small plastic basket with small holes is snapped on the elbow in the pool and pressed with 1-2 bricks to prevent the yellow plover from running into the overflow pipe. Corresponding drainage ditch shall be set up between every two rows of cement pools, and the block at the lowest place of each ditch shall be set to prevent the jaundice from escaping from the Dianchi Lake.
Second, the new Dianchi (box) treatment and plant laying disinfection
1. Demineralization of cement ponds New cement ponds should be filled with water and soaked for more than 7 days. Then brush the walls of the tank and the bottom of the pool with a brush to prevent the floating ash of the cement from damaging the jaundice. For emergency use, add an appropriate amount of acid, such as acetic acid, to the water to shorten the soaking time.
2. The soaking and softening of the mesh cloth The newly established cage should be placed in water in advance so that some algae plants grow on the surface and become smooth so as not to scratch the body. Soil pools that use mesh to prevent escape should also be soaked in the pool water.
3, the laying of aquatic plants After the cement pool is completed, you should drain the pool water and re-inject new water, you can lay plants in the pool. The earthen pond can be directly planted. Cement ponds and earthen ponds are laid by the following method: Fresh water lotus (the name “Eichhornia crassipesâ€) is also used. If there is a dead old seedling, it should be removed to prevent it from entering the pool and rot to pollute the pool water. The selected grasses will be spread tightly into the pool (without leaving any gaps) and surrounded by bamboo rods so that there will be no plants within 40 centimeters from the pool wall. In the cage, water peanuts (also known as "revolutionary grass", "Lijiang rattan", etc.) or water lilies can be laid. If the growth of aquatic plants is not sufficient, firstly sprinkling some decomposed human and animal manure water for cultivation.
4. The disinfectant plants in Dianchi Lake and aquatic plants should be disinfected and insecticide-treated after they are laid. The method is: take 2 ml of “Cangbao No. 2†or 30 g of quick lime per cubic meter of water. Sprinkle with water (to take lime to remove the clear liquid). Sprinkle with aquatic plants. Mix water as much as possible to prevent burns. At the same time, water per cubic meter of water is spattered with “Minbao No. 1†or 5 grams of crystal trichlorfon to kill parasites in water and aquatic grass. After two days of disinfection and insecticidal work, they can be injected into the pool.
Third, the selection of quail species and the seedlings for the delivery of Astragalus membranaceus were divided into two ways: self-cultivation and self-cultivation and the acquisition of wild astragalus. The focus here is on the acquisition of wild astragalus for aquaculture. The acquisition of wild astragalus for artificial breeding is a common method adopted by the vast majority of breeding households. It is generally purchased from April to September, and is harvested from the market before and after the winter or the Spring Festival. It can grow 1-5 times (according to the acquisition of breeding time). Length of time). Generally, the purchase price in summer is below RMB 20/kg, and the selling price in winter is above RMB 40/kg. The aquaculture benefit is very considerable. Common sources of jaundice used for breeding include cage trapping, electric grazing, and hand-catch, etc. For fishing, catching and jaundice, the jaundice should be selected as appropriate depending on the degree of damage; drug-acquired jaundice must not be used. The method of acquiring Astragalus membranaceus is generally self-propagating and self-supporting, and it can be purchased from the hands of familiar catchers and purchased from the township market. For the long-term high-density storage and large-scale farmers' market, Astragalus can not be used for breeding. When purchasing in the township market, it should be checked whether there is redness or darkness in the crest of the axillae (congested or congested and darkened), anal swelling, eversion, and obvious traumatic symptoms. If a family of astragalus has these phenomena, do not purchase it; for the first time If the acquisition is less likely to be identified, you can look at a few more jaundice and compare the color of the ankle with the anus. The astragalus membranaceus purchased for cultivation has a weight of 30-80 g. It is too expensive and grows slowly after it grows to 300 g. It is too fragile and has a high mortality rate after catching damage. Acquired Astragalus should immediately join pond water and aquatic grass no less than 4 times its body weight, and immediately put it into operation. The density of quail species will vary depending on the length of the feeding time, usually 1-3 kilograms per square meter. In the evening of the night, they should be fed with chopped quail, pork liver, river fleas, fish, etc. (The maggots can also be burnt fresh oysters), and at the same time, they weigh 1 kg. Add the following medicines: Electrolyzed multi-dimensional 10g, Cibaoxin 4 3g, and Cibao 5 5g, use a special adhesive or a small amount of wheat flour to adhere the drug to the feed, and the dosage is 0.5% of the weight of the jaundice , The material can be directly placed on the aquatic plants. The cement pool can also feed the feed directly to the water-free grass in the pool. The feeding point should be set as much as possible. The next morning, every cubic meter of pool water was splashed with the new 5th 5g/1 cubic meter of water. The above method of administration should be continued for 3 days.
Fourth, the domestic food and daily management of Astragalus
1. After the yellow pheasant has eaten yellow quail into the pond, we should constantly observe the eating conditions of the jaundice. We should gradually increase the amount of feeding to the good pool (box) when the food is eaten. When the grazing amount reaches 2% of the weight of the jaundice (fresh material) When weighing more than the above, compound feeds (squid material, glutinous material, squid material, etc.) shall be gradually added to the feed, and the amount of addition shall be gradually increased until the feed amount is 5-10% (wet weight) of the weight of the scutellaria baicalensis. If you have leftovers, remove them every morning.
2. The newly-administered Astragalus membranaceus, which has just entered the pond, should be able to move freely in the aquatic plants and will not crawl on the grass for a long time. If it is found that the yellow peony, which has abnormal performance such as turfgrass, tumbling in water, etc., should be picked out in time.
3. Cooling management For the ponds to raise the yellow clams, shade nets should be set up on the pool during the high temperature season. On the one hand, the water temperature should be lowered, and the intensity of light should also be reduced. In hot weather, the pool water should be deepened to more than 40 cm. The pool water temperature should be controlled at 32°C as much as possible. the following.
V. The catch of yellow crickets For cement tanks and cages, it is very convenient to catch jaundice, and it can be captured directly after going to the grass. For earthen ponds, the method of stacking grass should be adopted. The method is: leaving only about 1 square meter of a pool of water plants, deepening the pool water to more than 50 cm. At this time, Astragalus will generally accumulate in aquatic plants. Every morning, use a dip net larger than 1 square meter to move upward from the bottom of the plants until the surrounding water emerges. When plants are culled from the water, then the Astragalus membranaceus is in the net, so that the fish can be trapped within the pool three times. Do it. This method is only valid during the eating season of Huanghua. If it needs to be sold in winter, it should be picked up before the rest of the pool (box).
Huang Wei's key technology for small ponds
Due to the fact that jaundice is a carnivorous fish, it has the habit of being able to eat each other (eats a small amount of food) when there is a severe shortage of feed. Therefore, in order to carry out high-density intensive cultivation of Astragalus mongolicus, it is necessary to adopt a cement pond, earthen pond, and net cage with a single area of ​​30 square meters or less to carry out the rearing of Astragalus mongolicus in large and small scale (referred to as “small pond dense cultureâ€). Our many years of practice has proved that the adoption of a small pond culture system to cultivate astragalus has many advantages such as convenient management, high survival rate, rapid growth, small footprint, and very significant unit area benefits, and now introduces its key technologies.