Wheat spring fertilization management guidance
In order to implement the national soil testing and fertilization project and address the issue of farmers' blind fertilization, this guide provides practical recommendations for the fertilization, irrigation, and pest control of spring wheat. These guidelines aim to help farmers improve their wheat production in a more scientific and efficient way.
First, irrigation. From a water-saving perspective, it is recommended that spring wheat be irrigated twice: once with frozen water during the early growth stage if the soil moisture is normal, and avoid unnecessary green water. The first irrigation should take place during the jointing stage (late March to early April), and the second irrigation should occur during the heading and flowering period (late April to early May). The exact timing and amount of irrigation should be based on the moisture level of the soil. If conditions allow, a third irrigation can be applied in dry weather.
Second, fertilization.
1. Fertilizer selection: For low-yield fields, applying single nitrogen fertilizers like urea or ammonium bicarbonate is suitable. For mid- and high-yield fields, it's better to use nitrogen and potassium top-dressing according to soil test results. It’s important to consider the balance of nutrients and their forms. Studies have shown that using only nitrogen-based fertilizers like ammonium carbonate may lead to weak root systems and lodging. On the other hand, using a combination of nitrogen and potassium improves root development, enhances lodging resistance, increases drought and cold tolerance, and ultimately boosts yield. Using nitrogen and potassium top-dressing can result in an additional 50–100 kg per mu compared to using urea alone.
2. Proportion and application rate: Nitrogen and potassium fertilizers such as 30% (25-0-5), 30% (22-0-8), and 30% (20-0-10) should be used depending on the soil’s potassium content. A recommended dosage is 25–30 kg per mu.
3. Timing of fertilization: For weak seedlings, early spring management should focus on promoting growth, combined with watering and green fertilizer. Apply the second dose after the jointing stage. For average fields, fertilization should be applied during the jointing phase, especially for low-fertility soils. For high-fertility areas, apply fertilizer during the jointing stage, preferably after the first internode elongation. For vigorous fields, manage fertilization carefully, applying it later during the jointing stage to avoid late maturity.
Third, disease and pest control. Major diseases affecting winter wheat include powdery mildew, rust, sheath blight, full-blown disease, and dwarf virus. Common pests include midge, aphids, red spider mites, and brown planthoppers.
1. For powdery mildew and rust, apply 20% triadimefon emulsion at 50 ml or 15% triadimefon at 75 g per mu, mixed with 60–70 kg of water, and spray at the onset of the disease.
2. For full-blown disease, use 20% triadimefon EC at 100 ml or 15% triadimefon at 150 g per mu, mixed with 50–80 kg of water, and spray from the beginning of the season until the jointing stage.
3. For sheath blight, apply 5% Jinggangmycin at 100–150 ml per mu, mixed with 50–70 kg of water, and spray the base of the wheat stems.
4. To control stubble, use 50% chlorpyrifos WP at 6 grams per mu, mixed with 50–60 kg of water, and spray.
5. For red spider mites, use 1.8% avermectin at 3000–4000 times dilution, which also helps control SBPH and prevent dwarf disease. Additionally, pay attention to controlling yellow dwarf virus, bushy dwarf disease, leaf beetles, and underground pests.
By following these guidelines, farmers can optimize their wheat production while conserving resources and protecting the environment.
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