1. Colostrum is the first milk produced by a mother dog within 5 days after giving birth, and it's crucial for puppies to consume it as soon as possible. Puppies should ideally nurse from their mother within 12 to 48 hours after birth. This early feeding provides essential antibodies that help protect them from diseases during their first few weeks of life. 2. In some cases, artificial supplementation may be necessary. This could be due to multiple births, a mother who isn't producing enough milk, or if the mother refuses to feed her puppies. Supplemental feeding usually starts around day 15 and involves using fresh milk replacer with high palatability. It's also important to introduce easily digestible foods like rice and pureed vegetables. The daily amount is about 100 ml, divided into 3-4 feedings throughout the day. The food should be kept at a warm temperature, between 27°C and 30°C. As the puppies grow, the amount increases to around 200 ml per day by the time they are 20 days old. 3. Weaning should begin around day 45, but if the puppies are growing well, it can be started 5 days earlier. For weaker puppies, weaning may need to be delayed by 6 to 10 days. The process involves gradually separating the mother from the puppies. Every 4 to 5 hours, the mother is allowed to reunite with the puppies for feeding, then separated again. This method helps the puppies transition smoothly and is typically completed within a week starting from day 40.

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