Zizixiao Litchi is a Guangdong medium-early-ripening fine variety. Its fruit is large, flesh-thick, beautiful in color, small in size, sweet in taste, and has excellent quality and flavor. It is the best edible period when the pericarp is greenish red. Xunzixiao has strong adaptability to the climate and environment. Plants have strong nutrient growth and flower formation is easy. However, large amounts of flowers, early flowering periods, and fruiting problems are difficult. 1 Proper and close planting to increase yield and dwarfing planting has long been an important technical reform in modern fruit production. It is conducive to changing the extensive cultivation to fine management and achieving fruit trees early harvest and high yield. 2 To cultivate early-stage and high-yield canopy trees, it is necessary to create a round crown-shaped canopy with even branches, air and light, strong shoots, and the ability to withstand high yields in the future. The scorpion has large branches and large branches, and has a vigorous tree vigor. The apical dominance is obvious. When the fertilizer and water conditions are good, the branches and leaves are lengthy and the crowns are sparse. From 1985 onwards, Ye Qinhai performed three-year pruning on the average diameter of 5.1cm, height of 162cm, canopy diameter of 210cm, results of 37 parental branches, and fruiting of about 198 puppies every year. Branches, after 6 years of retraction, until 1991, nine-year-old trunk diameter of an average of 13.6cm, height 247cm, crown 231cm, the results of 102 mother branches, an average of 1159 fruiting. After Xiaozixiao pruned each year, the height and the crown of the canopy were controlled within 2.5m. The shape and structure of the tree changed. As a result, the number of mother branches increased, the structure of branches was evenly distributed, and the size of branches was uniform, so early knots could be obtained. High yield and stable production effect. 3 Good results of mother-bearing results Mother-bearing storage of nutrients for flowering and fruit setting is the basic condition for determining the level of yield. Excellent results Mother tree (that is, the last autumn shoot after harvest) has two main criteria: First, the autumn shoots are pumped in time, and the second is the autumn shoots. After the fruit was picked in Guangzhou, it was generally the first time that the shoot was budded in mid-July, the second time was in mid-August, and the third autumn shoot (the last shoot) was in the late-September to early-October. After fruit harvesting, the two shoots can be cultivated by controlling the fertilizer, trimming, and wiping buds to meet the production requirements of the following year, and to prevent premature closeness between the strains. In the Guangzhou area, the old maturation period of the maternal branch is generally in early November, and in mid-November, it is the start period of the bud differentiation of the gardenia. The criteria for jujube and jujube robustness are no pests and diseases. The branches are thick, the leaves are thick green, and the leaves are thick and hard to handle. From December to January the following year, the diameter of the mother-branch reaches 0.5-0.6 cm, the length is 30-40 cm, and the number of lobules is 70. -80 tablets. 4 The frequency of flower buds that are cultivated with a high fruit setting rate is particularly large, and the number of flowers is large and the flowering period is early. When not treated normally, under the condition of artificial pollination, the fruit setting rate of the gardenia flower spike is only 3.6%, so its fruit set is very poor. After the flower spikes have been processed, a short and strong spike is cultivated, the flower organs are well developed, and the flowering is late, the flowering quantity is small, the proportion of the female flower is high, the opening period is long, and the male and female flowers meet for a long time, thereby increasing the fruit setting rate. . The following measures can be taken to improve the quality of spikes. 5 Improving the quality and yield of fruits The main ingredient of the dumplings is the pyrotechnic nucleus. There may be phenomena similar to that of the young glutinous rice cultivars, which are caused by the growth of roots and shoots when the fruit is set. Therefore, in order to make the wolfberry fruit and fruit stable, it is necessary to cut a knife on the main branch or large branch to reduce fruit drop at the end of April, or use spiral ring grooving to promote flower and fruit protection. 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In the past 10 years in our province, on the basis of conventional cultivation and management, we focused on the use of physical and chemical control techniques to improve fruit reproduction, use its strong growth and pruning response, and appropriately increase planting density to make it early. Knots, high yields, and stable production have become fast-growing varieties.
Shuzixiao plant nutrition growth, the rapid growth of the crown, a strong response to pruning, new shoots high heading rate, is conducive to post-closed planting pruning. According to many experiments conducted by Ye Qinhai, a professional householder of Litchi in Dongguan, Guangdong Province, it is possible to carry out dense planting and dwarf cultivation by retrieving pruning, and to achieve the effect of high yield and stable yield. The yield per mu has reached 2,600 kg, which is equivalent to the entire The province has put in 10 times the average yield per mu. Generally, the planting density is determined based on cultivation conditions, technology, area, and investment strength. 35-50 plants per mu can be used for large-area planting, and 75 plants per mu can be used for small-scale planting. Water and fertilizer conditions and cultivation techniques and investment conditions are particularly good. 100 plantings per acre.
On the basis of improving the soil fertility, the young trees of L. chinense can be plucked more than 5 times a year, and 3-4 new shoots are kept as the main branches at 40-50cm of the main trunk. When the main branch grows to 30cm or so, it is necessary to carry out topping or Short, leave 1-2 for lateral branches, later when the second and third branches are 30cm long, continue to pick hearts to promote branching, leaving 1-2 new shoots for each branch, the rest cut off. To cultivate three-dimensional crowns from young trees, pruning should be done with frequent picking and short cutting to increase the density of shoots. At the same time, the branches and pussy branches should be cut too thin and the saplings should be gradually cultivated into round crowns and high-yield canopies. . When the tree height and crown width reach 1.5 cm or more and the result is more than 30 mother branches, measures can be taken to put the young trees into the result period.
Gardenia Laughing can see flower bud differentiation in 40-56 days under the conditions of day and night temperatures of 20°C and 15°C, respectively. Therefore, in general winter cold and drought conditions in Guangdong, it is easy to meet the flower bud differentiation conditions, so young seedlings and young trees tend to flower. The consumption of a large number of tree nutrients makes it difficult to sap the young trees, and the extracted shoots are numerous and weak, affecting the canopy. expand. The effective measure to prevent seedlings and young trees from flowering is to start lyophilizing once every two weeks after mid-October in the middle of October. Continuously leaching 3 times can promote the growth of winter shoots and inhibit their flower buds. Differentiation prevents flowering in the following year and accelerates crown formation. If the saplings bloom, the time to cut the spikes is usually in the middle or late March.
3.1 Deep rooting thickening of effective soil layer, so that the root system in-depth soil, which will help promote the growth of Scorpion laugh growth. At present, many litchi gardens have shallow soil layers and must be deep-turned and soil-modified to deepen organic fertilizers, thicken effective soil layers, and deepen root systems, prompting timely picking of autumn shoots after harvest.
3.2 The water content of timely irrigated soil has great influence on the growth period of autumn shoots and the growth of each autumn shoot. The timely irrigation is more important than the fertilization for the cultivation of excellent mother trees. If drought occurs in summer and autumn and autumn, it takes 7-10 days to apply water; if it is too dry during the end of December to January, it should be properly watered.
3.3 Reasonable fertilization The bran water or chicken manure water is applied once within 10 days before the fruit picking in the canopy drip line. According to 50kg fruiting tree surface, apply peanut bran 2kg or chicken manure 15-20kg and compound fertilizer 1.5-2kg, urea 0.5-1kg, boric acid (borax) 20g. Each time the fertilizer is applied 1-2 times, the application of urea is 0.5-1kg when sprouting at the shoot, and 0.5-1kg of compound fertilizer is applied when the shoot is turned green, and only 1kg of compound fertilizer is applied on the last shoot. Every time when shoots start to turn green, spray 1-2 times foliar fertilizers, such as compound nucleotides, 0.1%-0.2% of green rice nitrogen or 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate plus 0.1% zinc sulfate for extra-root fertilizer. In combination with Qingyuan in the winter, each plant will be cooked with 2kg of ripe lime.
3.4 Postharvest pruning Trim includes retractive trimming (ie, short trimming) and sparse trimming. Because a lot of nutrients are consumed during fruiting, it takes a period of time to accumulate fruit after harvesting to have a better tipping ability, so it should be pruned about 15 days after fruit picking. If the degree of overlapping of branches is serious, a moderate retractive pruning can be taken, which will cut off the majority of the resulting mother branch together with the base, leaving only a few leaves at the base of the base. The new shoots that are drawn after pruning and trimming must be thinned, leaving 2-3 new shoots per shoot for the first time. After the pruning, the second and third shoots were smoked. Each shoot had 1 shoot and the rest were cut off. In this way, a suitable number of robust outcome mothers can be obtained. Taiwan Yan Changrui’s research shows that after harvesting pruning after harvesting, Yuhebao (Lazizixiao), which has a strong growth potential, can immediately shoot new shoots with a shoot-out rate of 95%. New shoots after pruning can be eared for flowering in the following year. Heading rate It is 86.8%, indicating that pruning after harvest is beneficial to the next year's flowering of Jade Lotus which has strong growth potential, and it can reduce plant height and dwarf the tree type, which is conducive to cultivation management.
3.5 Pest control The principle of "one tip and two drugs" is implemented. At the early stage of autumn shoots, 800 times of the insecticide or 10% of exterminator can be sprayed with 2000 times. After 15 days, the 3% fast killing enemy 25mL is diluted with 50kg.
3.6 Control of winter shoots In Guangzhou, the controlling period of the dumplings is from mid-late October to early December, and the killing period is from November to early December. The fundamental measure to control the winter shoots is to release autumn shoots at the right time, and also to control the shoots, kill the drugs, spray and control florescence 1 or 500 times the B9, 300 times the paclobutrazol, 1700-2500 times the 40% ethene Lee controls the winter shoots, and can also manually remove winter shoots, spiral ring cuts, ring cuts, and spiral girdling to control winter shoots.
4.1 "One Touch Two Sparse and Three Short Cuts"
According to our research, the adoption of the “one spade, two sparse and three short cuts†measures can delay the flowering period by 3 days. The female flowering period can reach 39 days, and the male and female flower meets for 3-4 days. There are 2 female flowering peaks. The specific treatment method is to remove the first flower from January 15 to February 5, eradicate the flower spike from the base, and leave only one and leave it short after drawing the flower. The flowers that were not treated in this way were early flowering, the female flowering was 10 days, and the male and female met only 3 days.
4.2 The use of spiral girdling technology Helical girdling can replace flowering and short-cut spikes, but it does not replace the sparse spikes. Spiral girdling is usually started after the last autumn shoot (late November), and the flower spikes are also needed after the spiral girdling.
4.3 Chemical Spikes Sprinkle 3-4 cm from the spikes and spray the sputum, kill the spikes, and promote the re-emergence of short spikes. About 25 days before the opening of female flowers, the use of special flowering agents for litchi can effectively achieve the objective of sparse flowering, reduce the amount of flowers, and increase the proportion of female flowers. About 15 days before flowering, spraying Litchi Paulownia once can effectively improve the sperm development of female flowers and male flowers, increase the fertilization rate of Litchi and increase the yield.
4.4 Spike keeping green measures Maintaining the spikes green and blue, preventing the flower spikes from "flowering in the fire" and moldy browning, can only be achieved when the female flower can be opened several times. Therefore, high temperature and drought weather at the flowering stage need to spray water in time to prevent and control flower head pests and diseases. Spray 20 times a day before flowering, and spray threon mold manganese zinc (90g water 50kg), and use dipterex 75g plus 25% insecticide. Double 100mL water 50kg spray 1 time. 100g of potassium dihydrogen phosphate and 5g of boric acid can be added simultaneously when spraying.
After the rake's flower spikes are processed by “one touch, two sparse and three short cutsâ€, there will be two or three female flower peaks, and two or three batches of fruit will appear. Strengthen management and batch harvesting can be adopted. Production practice shows that natural fruiting or fruiting of the first batch of flowers results in the largest, mature, and high selling price. The fruit of the second batch of female flowers was smaller and matured later. Although the fertilization management was strengthened, the fruit was still not the first batch. The fruits of the third batch of female flowers were consumed due to the nutrient consumption of the tree, and the fruit was the smallest and the ripening was the latest. At present, many regions have proposed the idea of ​​not only processing flower spikes, but also ensuring that the fruits ripen early, in order to solve the impact of the delay in the ripening period of the dumplings and the simultaneous listing of glutinous rice bran and cinnamon. For example, if fertilization is applied about 20 days before flowering, 50 kg of fruit can be applied with 2 kg of peanut bran or 1 kg of compound fertilizer, 1 kg of potassium chloride or potassium sulfate, 1 kg of superphosphate, and 0.5 kg of urea. The best fertilization method is to apply water fertilizer. When the panicles are 4cm in diameter, the bran water is cooked once and then applied every other month until it is harvested. If dry fertilizer is applied, 100g urea and 150g dihydrogen phosphate can be sprayed once every 15 days.
Potassium watered 50kg for top dressing. In addition, according to the yield of individual plants and tree vigor, timely application of strong fruit fertilizer.
In order to improve the fruit quality of the dumplings, it is necessary to prevent pests that are mainly tinea worms in time. In the 22 days before fruit ripening and 12 days before maturation, spray 3% quickly to kill 25mL or 50mL of 50mL water, 50mL spray of trichlorfon 75g and 25% of insecticidal double 100mL water. Before the fruit turns red, it is used alternately with thiram Mn-Zn 90kg or 90% diphosphorus-aluminum 75g and water 50kg for prevention and control of Phytophthora capsici.
According to the research, the best food quality of Zongzixiao is when its fruit is 80% mature (ie when the green peel is red). At this time, the pulp has high acid content and vitamin C content, moderate sugar and acidity, and special flavor. It is the best time for fresh food. Harvested when the pericarp was full red, both acid content and vitamin C content decreased, and food quality declined. Therefore, the best harvesting period for the dumplings is harvested when the fruit has a greenish red color that is in the shape of “Jade Lotusâ€.
The test area of the Urine Reagent Strip Rapid Test is specific for glucose; no substance excreted in urine other than glucose is known to give a positive result.Approximately 100 mg/dl glucose in urine is detectable.
The Urine Reagent Strip Rapid Test is based on the protein error-of-indicator principle. At a constant pH, the development of any green color is due to the presence of protein. Colors range from yellow for a Negative reaction, to yellow-green and green to blue-green for a Positive reaction.