Anthocyanins are a type of flavonoid, a class of compounds with antioxidant effects. Found naturally in a number of foods, anthocyanins are the pigments that give red, purple, and blue plants their rich coloring. In addition to acting as antioxidants and fighting free radicals, anthocyanins may offer anti-inflammatory, anti-viral, and anti-cancer benefits.
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First, the advantages of bag cultivation
1. Facilitate the control of fertilizer and water, saving fertilizer and water.
2. The root system of each plant has its own activity space and the root system is stretched.
3. Once the disease occurs, the whole plant is easier to clean.
4. All the substrates used have been sterilized and sterilized, and they have no pollution. The products produced are clean and free from pollution.
5. Compared with non-bag soilless cultivation, the relative humidity of air is relatively low, which will help reduce the occurrence of diseases such as downy mildew and powdery mildew.
II. Cultivation Techniques (I) Preparation of Substrates
1. The choice of matrix. According to the local conditions, rice husk, peat soil, perlite, vermiculite, washed sand, coal slag, crushed straw, etc. can be selected. Under normal circumstances, rice husk, perlite, vermiculite, crushed straw, etc., cost about 1,500 to 2,000 yuan per mu; washed sand, coal slag, etc. range from about 2000 to 2,500 yuan; the price of peat soil is relatively high, and the average agricultural product is affordable. There is a certain degree of difficulty, used for nursery.
2. Disinfection of the matrix. Steam sterilization is generally adopted. This method is non-toxic, non-residual, and hygienic and safe. It completely meets the requirements of pollution-free and green food vegetable production. The specific approach is: put the selected matrix together, into a cone, or packaged bags, put together, covered with high temperature tarpaulin, and then steam sterilization and sterilization. Generally lasts 7 to 8 hours. Washing sand and cinders are disinfected by the sun.
3. The bagging of the substrate. Select a packaging bag made of 30cm diameter and 55cm length white opaque, non-polluted vegetable production special film. Put the sterilized matrix into the bag and put it in the greenhouse according to the cultivation density standard. The cultivation bag is placed in the north-south direction. .
(b) Disinfection and sterilization of greenhouses
1. The ground in the shed is levelled, slightly higher in the north and south, and then covered with a thin film to prevent the spread of germs and the growth of weeds.
2. The greenhouse greenhouse membranes are preliminarily detained in advance, and the greenhouses are sterilized and sterilized by raising the temperature. The temperature in the shed can reach about 50-60° C. Generally, in the case of sunny days, the disinfection and sterilization effect can be achieved in about 7 days.
3. Dispose of lime water on the easily-neglected areas such as corners, dead ends, iron wires, and bamboo poles in the greenhouse, and sterilize them with chlorothalonil aerosols.
4. Leave a gap of 10 cm in the middle of the cultivation bag placed between the north and the south as a drain. This drain is inclined 5 to 10 mm per meter so that excess water can drain away from the drain.
(3) Sowing and raising seedlings
1. Sowing period. Suitable sowing date is from mid-late August to early September.
2. Selection of varieties. It is suitable for Dutch stingless cucumber varieties.
3. Seed treatment. The seeds of the cucumber were exposed to sunlight for several hours to accelerate the water absorption process of the seeds during soaking. The seeds were then placed in water at 50-60°C. Stirring was continued until the water temperature dropped to about 25°C and the hand was removed. Mucus on the surface of the seed is poured out of the water and replaced with warm water at 25°C for 4 to 6 hours. Remove the seeds and place them in a clean, gauze-laden, wet gauze. Place them at 25°C for 1 to 2 days. See 80% of the seeds when they are white. In order to prevent the occurrence of seedling disease such as damping-off, blight, and epidemics of cucumbers, seeds may be soaked for 4 to 6 hours and then soaked for 30 minutes with 72% Prec®. The water temperature of the pumpkin soaking can be about 75°C.
4. Nursery. The use of plug seedlings (3cm?cm) is conducive to avoid soil disease, and the substrate is selected from peat soil. The exposed cucumber seeds were sown and nursed, one seed per pot, and then covered with peat soil.
(D) timely planting colonization is conducive to the high yield of cucumber, early melon production time, when the first two true leaves of cucumber seedlings fully deployed, is the best time for planting. It usually takes place on a sunny afternoon.
1. Fill the cultivation bag with water first and soak it for 1 or 2 hours. Soak the substrate thoroughly. Cut a 3cm long hole 10cm from the ground and 10cm from both ends of the cultivation bag. Excess water flows out of the hole. , The following reserved 10cm water layer.
2. Cut a 8 cm long cross between the top of the growing bag and remove a small amount of matrix.
3. The seedlings were planted into the cross cut incision bag together with peat soil. In order to increase the survival rate and reduce the time for seedling sowing, it was noted that the peat soil was slightly higher than the cultivation bag by 2 cm, and the rice seedlings were surrounded with rice hulls so that the seedling pods were fully integrated with the substrate. Contact, to prevent the excessive distribution of moisture, and then cover it with an opaque film.
4. Immediately drip water to prevent seedlings from losing water and wilting.
(five) Management after planting
1. Temperature management. Within 1 to 2 days after colonization, observe whether the seedlings appear wilting phenomenon. If there is a need for appropriate shading, spacers can be used to weaken the illumination. Within 1 week after colonization, the temperature should be maintained at about 25 to 30°C during the day to promote the formation of new roots. When the temperature is higher than 30°C, exhalation and covering grasshoppers should be performed, and the temperature should be maintained at about 15 to 18°C ​​during the night. After the plants begin to grow, they should be ventilated to prevent leggy, which is usually around 25°C during the day. Enter the guava period to maintain high temperatures, usually around 28 ~ 30 °C during the day.
2. Fertilizer management. The EC value of the nutrient solution in the early period is controlled at about 2, the pH value is about 6, and the EC value is increased to 2.5 with the increase of sitting cucumbers, and the drip irrigation time is also increased from the initial hour of 8 to 12 minutes to 20 to 25 minutes. Water should be poured once every few times to prevent single salt poisoning.
3. Management of lighting. It is the same as soil cultivation and other soilless cultivation.
4. Air humidity management. Special attention is paid to the increase in air humidity through the spraying of water as the temperature rises after the end of April.
5. Whole vines. As the growth of plants is accelerated, stems and vines gradually lengthen, and the vines of the plants must be investigated promptly. S-shaped pull ropes are generally used to hang vines. When the stalk grows to 30cm, the vine is started and the tendrils are removed immediately. When the stalk grows more than 180cm, take the method of falling, so that the whole plant is not more than 180cm. Falling stems should be uniformly and regularly coiled on the mulch to avoid contact with the soil. In May and June, the main vine is 8-12m long, and generally retains 20 functional leaves, ensuring that the height of the fallen plant is about 180cm, and the old leaves and diseased leaves are removed in time.
6. Preparation of nutrient solution.
Name Water consumption per cubic meter of water temperature
Nitric acid 370ml 25°C 6.5
Urea 60g 25°C 6.5
Calcium Nitrate 408g 25°C 6.5
Ammonium Nitrate 81ml 25°C 6.5
Potassium nitrate 324g 25°C 6.5
Magnesium sulfate 279g 25°C 6.5
Potassium Sulfate 87g 25°C 6.5
Phosphoric acid 147ml 25°C 6.5
In addition, trace elements such as iron, manganese, copper, zinc, and boron are added according to actual conditions. Note that the nutrient solution comes with the use.
Recent research suggests that anthocyanins may also help fend off major health problems, including heart disease and cancer.
Anthocyanins may enhance heart health, anthocyanins appear to improve cholesterol levels and blood sugar metabolism, as well as fight oxidative stress.
2) Obesity
Preliminary research suggests that anthocyanins may protect against obesity.
3) Cancer
Anthocyanins may aid in the prevention of breast cancer, according to a laboratory study published in Phytotherapy Research in 2010.
Cucumber bag type soilless pollution-free cultivation technology
After several years of continuous cultivation of cucumbers, the cultivation of diseases and insect pests in greenhouses is likely to accumulate and occur. Although grafting can avoid some problems, the quality of the produced products is a certain distance from the standards of pollution-free and green foods. The production of cucumbers that meet international quality standards has truly reached the level of pollution-free. Through experiments, bag-type soilless cultivation has certain promotional value.