One, 2 to 6 months old yak breeding management After weaning, the yak continues to feed for at least two weeks and feeds 1.8 to 2.0 kg on the first day. After that, the diet of the yak that is fed to promote growth has a crude protein content of 16% to 20% (according to the quality of the forage grass). ), has been feeding until 6 months of age. The longer the feed is fed, the longer the better. For the roughage of 2 to 6 months old calves, special care should be taken to ensure high quality, high protein content, no mold, feed must be chopped, leaves more, and less stalks. The cows are free to feed. The yak at this age is best not to feed the fermented coarse material, such as silage, etc. Only when the calf reaches 4 to 6 months of age can it be fed in small amounts. Because the calf's rumen is too small to develop, for low dry matter content, fermented forage grasses with high fiber content are not easily digested, and it is difficult to absorb short-chain fatty acids. Therefore, calf should use feeds with high dry matter content to make up for it. The disadvantage of small food intake. For calves before 6 months of age, the main function of the roughage in the diet is only to promote rumen development. Yak's digestibility of dry matter in roughage is much lower than that of cereals. After it grows up and matures, the coarse material in the diet accounts for a considerable share. The more raw material the calf eats at 4-6 months, the more palatable and the quality of the roughage is particularly important. After calf weaning, if the cowhouse is in poor condition, it is likely to be the main cause of calf death. The yak in this stage has reached three equally important requirements. There is a dry cow bed; there must be plenty of fresh air; the environment of the cowshed should be clean and the cattle should feel comfortable. II. Breeding and management of bred cattle aged over 6 months At 6 months of age, calves have a much larger rumen volume and have begun to digest more fiber in the diet. As a result, the nutrient intake from roughage becomes more and more important as the age increases. . The quality and quantity of roughage can determine nutrient balance and intake of roughage. When forage grass matures, the content of protein, TDN, calcium and phosphorus will be greatly reduced, and the content of fiber will increase. Therefore, the older the forage is, the lower its feeding value will be. Before 8 to 10 months of age, due to the development of rumen volume and function, at this time, relying solely on roughage still can not meet the normal growth needs. Before 6 to 9 months of age, at least half of the dry matter in the roughage should come from hay, and the quality and quantity of concentrated feed at this time depends on the quality of the roughage. The required concentrate, its quality and composition need to be matched with the nutrients obtained in the roughage, and only the analysis and determination of the roughage can ensure the proper fit of the two. Cereal mixes should be good palatable granules that contain nutrients that roughage cannot provide. After 10 to 12 months of age, the reserve cattle have been able to feed on silage, and the average daily feed is 5 kg of silage per 100 kg of body weight per day. If the corn silage is fed on a free basis, it may result in the condition of the reserve cattle. fat. Only the use of high-energy silage for the 12-month-old or older cattle can be avoided in order to avoid bloating. The limit can be defined as the amount of silage that can be digested within 10 to 12 hours. Weigh the daily intake of forage dry matter so that we can estimate the feed intake of roughage. Since silage alone can cause protein deficiency in diets, 1.4 to 2.3 kg of concentrate containing 20% ​​crude protein should be added to the diet. At the same time, trace element additives and trace minerals are mixed into the concentrate. There must be a source of clean drinking water at all times. Be careful with the diet, and don't rely entirely on books. What do you need to observe in the diet? What is the actual intake of cattle? Among them, there are five factors that affect the growth of cattle, they are: nutrition, management, cowshed, health and genetics. All these five aspects should be given proper attention, otherwise growth may be hindered. III. Feeding management of reserve cattle (12-24 months old) during breeding period In order to obtain the best fertility rate, the reserve cattle should continue to maintain weight gain 30 days before and 30 days after mating, so that the estrus performance and pregnancy preparation can be sufficient. In the breeding system of reserve cattle, there is an important fact: the time to decide the sexual maturity, breeding, and normal delivery of cattle is based on their size rather than their age. If the reserves of the reserve cattle are more appropriate, the calving of the backing herds at 24 months of age is achievable. The method is as follows: Reserve cattle must be conceived at 15 months of age. In order to achieve this goal, the initial allocation should be carried out at 12 months of age, and the remaining 90 days will be used to continue mating the non-pregnancy cattle until they conceive. There are about 4.5 estrus cycles in 90 days, which means 4.5 breeding opportunities. Observing the signs of estrus visually, on average, only 50% of the estrus performance was identified. The other half of the failure reduced the estrus cycle from 4.5 to 2.25. This is the real opportunity to seize the breeding opportunities. The date of mating should be expected several months in advance. It is necessary to observe the estrus and record the estrus date. The estrus record helps to predict the estrus at the next breeding time, and it helps to find out the problem that the reserve cattle is in poor early stage. As a result, effective measures can be taken in time to avoid prolonging the mating age. If the conception rate can reach 60%, 2.25 estrus cycles will be further reduced. In fact, there are only 1.35 chances of success in the 90 days of 12 to 15 months of age under normal management conditions. The breeding management of reserve cattle should be our first consideration of the problem, because the genetic level of this generation has further developed, and they should be given the opportunity to match with excellent bulls and produce them early. From breeding to delivery, feeding and management should be precise, both to ensure that the fetus and the mother itself are fully grown, and to minimize the deposition of fat on the breast and the birth canal.
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