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Field Management Techniques for Winter and Spring Crops
At present, all local wheat and rapeseed production areas in our province have entered the seedling stage. Strengthening the field management of crops is the key to ensuring high yields in the next year. The Municipal Agriculture Committee of Suzhou City specifically investigated the problems existing in the wheat and rape seedlings in the city, and proposed a method of symptomatic treatment. The newspaper was specially selected for registration for the reference of farmers' friends. First, wheat sparse seedlings, Wang Wang Miao: the large amount of sowing, acres of total stalks more than 1 million plots of the field, especially in the current wheat field has been basically closed line should be mainly sparse seedlings. The method is to use rakes to sow 1-2 times perpendicularly to the sowing, and actively spread saplings and seedlings for the sowing of wheat fields, so as to prevent the diseases from being aggravated, and to reduce the yield. For a small number of Wang Miao can be used to suppress the suppression of Dendrobium, Wang Miao can also be used to control technology, before the winter wheat, per acre can be used 15% Paclobutrazol wettable powder 50 grams Duishui 50-60 kg spray, can also be used The new plant regulator Zhuangfengan No. 2, with 30-40 ml per mu watered 50 kg spray, is the most direct and effective measures to prevent the late lodging of wheat. Rehabilitate the ploughs and promote weak control: The ploughing and ploughing can not only loosen the soil, remove compaction, increase the temperature of the ground, and create good environmental conditions for the growth of roots, but also eliminate weeds and prevent lodging. This is an effective measure for the field management in winter and spring. All localities should attach great importance to this traditional agronomic technique. At present, the situation of soil compaction in wheat fields is relatively serious. All localities should step up cultivators and strive to plow the soil before December 20th to remove the soil compaction and promote the growth of weak seedlings. For large populations, the main stem leaf age of more than 6 leaves of wheat fields should be deep cultivator, cut off the roots to control the growth; for the younger leaves of late wheat, cultivating the top soil can be slashed; for a small number of basic seedlings is too large and Seedlings in heavier wheat fields can be used to plant seedlings after the weather is fine. The field plots with more seedlings are removed and thickened. To carry out pre-winter chemical weeding and early prevention of weeds: For many years of practice, the effect of chemical weeding before winter (before and after December 20) was better than that of spring, mainly due to the small grass age of weeds before winter. Poor drug resistance, no cover, the amount of medication is also less, especially for Ze lacquer, Polyporus, Veronica, Maijiagong and wild oats such as the control of malignant weeds more obvious. At the same time, when people do not compete for agriculture, the masses are easy to operate meticulously and can significantly increase their effectiveness. Appropriate application of pesticide is generally controlled in wheat four-leaf and one-hearted, weeds, such as sow wormwood, piglet, etc., and the density of wheat fields (Zelacque, wheat less common), can choose 75% Superstar dry suspension agent, 1-1.25g per acre of active water, 50kg diluted spray; for wheat fields mixed with weeds such as Zejiao, Maijiagong, and Vernacina, 20% can be used to make it prolonged, 50-mu per mu. 60 ml watered 50 kg spray (or 20% chlorinated oil 25 ml plus 20% dimethyltetrachlorodichloromethane 125 ml mixed spray); Zeyue lacquer-based blocks can use 40% quebrachoin 3.7-mu per mu 5 grams of water spray 50 kg, especially in winter before the quick effect, good effect; in the partial field of wild oats occurred in a serious field, use 10% of humming horse cream 20-30 ml per mu watered 50 kg spray. To carry out spring topdressing and increase grain growth: Spring top dressing is a powerful measure to increase grain growth and improve quality. Sand land with poor fertilizer retention ability must be topdressed. The weaker wheat seedlings can be replanted in the returning green period, and the normal wheat field can be applied in the jointing stage. For some of the base fertilizer application, seeding depth, weak seedlings, seedling age, early wheat seedlings harm heavier wheat seedlings, timely nitrogen fertilizer. The use of safe drugs to prevent and treat late-stage pests and diseases in wheat: In the period of 3-5 months, wheat was a period of severe overlap caused by multiple overlapping pests and diseases. The occurrence of serious diseases and pests and the prevention and treatment of diseases and insect pests are critical to the harvest of wheat. Due to the fulminant characteristics of wheat pests and diseases, it brings certain difficulties for prevention and control. Therefore, this stage should focus on the prevention and control of key pests and diseases, and treat other diseases and insect pests. Before the pest apparently harmed, fight drugs.) The main control targets of wheat are wheat sheath blight, leaf blight, ear blast, and midge. Abnormal climate should be alert to the outbreak of head blight. In the middle and early March, the key is to prevent and control wheat sheath blight, and the crops that are subject to sheath blight are generally treated with pesticides. The specific method is to use 5% Jinggangmycin agent 200-250 ml per mu, or 20% Jinggangmycin. Powder 30 grams per acre or grain drying net 40 grams per acre, watered 50-60 kg evenly sprayed wheat straw stem base. In the middle and late April and early May, the focus is on the prevention and treatment of wheat ear blast, leaf blight, and head blight, and the specific methods for preventing and controlling panicle blast are: using 50% anti-inflavor WP 10 grams per mu, or imidacloprid per acre 10 grams, watered 50 kg spray. The method for preventing and controlling leaf blight is: 50% carbendazim WP for each acre 500-1000 times of the initial spraying, or 40% WPQ 100g, watering 50 kg spray, or wolfberry fruit 2500-3000 times liquid spray, the above-mentioned agents can cure powdery mildew, scab, rust. Second, rapeseed roots soil, cold and protect seedlings: winter frost damage is caused by one of the main factors to reduce rapeseed, in order to prevent freezing damage, can be combined with cultivator weeding to carry out earthworms, conditions can be used before the winter to cover the rapeseed with farmyard manure Ministry, a seedling fertilizer, the farm is not enough fertilizer to cover the heart, the thickness of 1-1.5 cm. Immediately reapplying a large amount of moss fertilizer: after the emergence of rapeseed bolting, it is a period of vigorous vegetative growth and reproductive growth. At this stage, dry matter accumulation accounts for about 40% of the total growth period, requiring a higher amount of fertilizer. At this time, the nutritional condition of the plant is good or bad, and the impact on the yield of rapeseed is greater. It is necessary to reapply the fertilizer as early as possible, to promote spring rapeseed, and to lay a good breeding shelf. Top dressing method: In the beginning of February, you will open a hole and apply 15-20 kg of urea per mu. Insufficient base fertilizer can be used to recover more. Strengthen pest control: The main pests and diseases of rape in our city are aphids, sclerotinia, and downy mildew. Controlling aphids can use 10-30 grams of imidacloprid for 30-50 kilograms of water per acre; 30% of wet bacillus can be used to prevent Sclerotinia sclerotiorum, and 1000 times of liquid spray is used for spraying; and downy mildew is controlled, and 500 times of 65% on behalf of Zinc is sprayed. Third, the installation of cultivation of crops to strengthen the cultivation of plants in cold insulation work: the "winter solstice" is coming, the coldest season of the year will come, in order to ensure that the cultivation of vegetables protected from freezing injury, should strengthen the cold insulation work, small shed available Wheatgrass maintenance, solar greenhouses should cover grasshoppers or thermal insulation in time, and conditions can be heated in the shed. Strengthen the management of fertilizers and waters: The vegetables cultivated in facilities have gradually entered the harvesting period. Fertilizer and water management should be strengthened for solanaceous leafy vegetables, and fertilizers can be sprayed on the leaves to increase production and increase income. Pay attention to the prevention and control of pests and diseases: The main insect pests in facility cultivation are aphids, and the diseases are downy mildew and epidemics. For locusts, 10-20 grams of imidacloprid per acre can be used, and 30-50 kilograms of water can be sprayed for prevention and treatment. It can be used to control downy mildew, and it can be used to prevent and control the downy mildew, razor Mn-Zn 600-800 times, and can kill 77% of the disease per acre. Powder 130-200 grams, add water 30-50 kg spray control.