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Pear winter cut to "five see"
Pruning tendencies tend to be lighter in winter fruit shears, which is an important cause of difficult management, small size, and poor quality. In this issue, a group of grass-roots agricultural technicians on manuscripts of manuscripts are published, hoping to bring inspiration to the majority of farmers. The high quality and high yield of Dangshan Pear and winter pruning play a decisive role. The majority of growers must master the scientific pruning techniques. Winter pruning must be controlled before germination. After germination, most of the tree nutrients are transported to the tips of the shoot buds. At this time pruning causes nutrient waste, growth delays, and tree vigor is significantly weakened. Based on “five observationsâ€, “three rare and three secrets†and “five observations†refer to the age of the tree, the strength of the tree, the length of branches, the trimming response, and the number of flower buds. "Three rare and three secrets" refers to the tree structure that is trimmed into thin and dense, thin and dense inner, and dense branches. With the principle of “ventilation and light transmissionâ€, it is “physically indestructible and intangibleâ€. Dangshan Pear is widely used in delaminated layered structures, but in practice it is common to allow shape trees to be pruned. Branch shaped. In other words, Dangshan Pear Pruning should pay attention to the tree structure, but can not die. Without tree-shaped trees, as long as it is airy and transparent, the layers are clear, and the plane is dense. It is necessary to grasp the pruning degree overall and locally to maintain the balance of tree vigor. The crown of the tree is completely compact, the principal and subordinates are distinct, the layers are clear, the plane is dense, and the upper branches are shorter than the lower branches; the subordinate branches are the dominant branches to give way; The growth potential of the backbone branches is approximately the same. From the local, it is necessary to work hard to make the buds and buds have a suitable ratio, generally 1:2 to 3. Actual branches are generally sparse, leaves shoots are too thick, strong to stay weak, go straight to stay flat, and throw away the flowers of the following year; fruit trees branch lengths are determined by length, and weak fruit branches shorter than 20 cm only retain 2 A leaf bud, 20 to 40 cm strong fruit Taiwan branches to leave 3 to 5 leaf buds, 40 cm above the special strong fruit Taiwan branch by vegetative branch processing; results sticks and results Zhizu group to retreat control, prevent the results of the parts outside, The results are mainly from short fruit branches and small fruit shoots. All kinds of special tree-shaped processing techniques are strong under the weak tree: on the strong branches and flowers to cut back, change the weak head, and even the upper part of the strong saw, the lower branches of the main branch from the base full of buds at the short cut. The main part of the base is absent: In the middle of March, adopting the abdominal connection technique to insert a crisp pear scion obliquely, and then grow into a main branch after survival. The growth potential of the main branch of the basal branch was inconsistent: the strong main branch was full of flowers and scissors, and the thin main branch was short and heavy from the top of the full shoot. There are too many upright branches. If they are cut off by convention, there will be no side branches and no lynxes at all: Select the best upright branch and use a rope to pull it up to a reasonable position and remove it too closely. No tree at all, let alone trees for many years: saw some obvious excess branches, open the distance between the layers, select key branches for cultivation, long-term planning, and use “pulling, bracing, pressing†and other means to make the tree structure as long as possible Reasonable, if there are few or no flower buds, they should be thrown away more, more sparsely, and shorter. According to different tree age, the pruning period is determined for young trees. To increase the amount of branches and leaves and expand the canopy to form a good structure as soon as possible, early pruning should be performed, ie, winter shearing should be carried out from November to December. In order to achieve the purpose of controlling the tree potential and promoting early fruit, Wangshu, which is the age-appropriate result, can appropriately postpone the winter shearing period to the early spring budding stage. In order to promote its nutrient growth and restore its robust tree vigor, the weak tree of the fruit period should be completed by the end of December. During the fruit period, Wangshu, in order to weaken its tree vigor and form more flower buds, can carry out winter cuts from January to February. By looking at the pruning response, it was determined that the year-to-year pruning amount of the 1-year-old shoots on the 3-year-old shoots was large and thick and the shoots were full, the length of growth was significantly less than that of the extension branches, and there were partial leaf branching branches. It shows that the amount of pruning in the past few years is appropriate, and can continue to be used in that year; if the length of the one-year-old branches on the three-year-old branches is similar to or exceeds the length of extension branches, it means that the amount of pruning in previous years is too large, and light shear should be adopted in those years; If three-year-old shoots are not on the middle and short branches, only some leafy branches with very small leaves are produced, indicating that the amount of trimming was too light in previous years, and that it should be cut in due course. The tree shaping should be suitable for all kinds of tree shapes. When pruning, it must not be forced to pursue the tree shape to pursue the theoretical standard tree shape. Especially if it is sapling, if it emphasizes only on shaping, it often cannot produce premature fruits. Should be determined according to the specific situation of how to shape, as long as it can achieve the firm, compact, airy, transparent, early fruit high-yield purposes, they can be with their original tree shape, tree vigor to sort out, ease, that is, due to the potential of branches, Because of the shape of the tree, a good tree structure that seems to be invisible, is actually tangible, and stands for branches, is firmly and highly productive. Master the "three rare and three dense, big and small" pruning principle. "Three rare and three dense" means: large branches, thin branches dense; peripheral branches thin, dense inner branches; upper branches thin, lower branches dense. "One big and one small" means that the lower part is large and the upper part is small. Branches and Branches The results of branches and branches are weakened after 2 to 3 years of continuous results. As a result, the ability is reduced, and the fruit becomes smaller and the quality deteriorates. Therefore, it is necessary to retreat, rejuvenate, and update in a timely manner so as to maintain a robust result. After the other branches are processed, new branches are formed. Wangshu and Wangzhi should put more delays and less cuts, and the results will become weaker and then shrink. For long-stemmed shoots, they must be retracted and rejuvenated in time and cultivated into fruiting branches. For the upper branches, they should not be completely removed, but they should also be used depending on the circumstances. The sapling trees are strong, and the back branches are easy to prosper. They can be used for many times in the summer shearing, such as picking up the heart, pulling the branches, and taking the branches to control them. It becomes useless as a result; the tree vigor at the end of the result is stable, and the branches on the back are not easy to prosper. , The choice of visual space and location can be made; For the old trees after fruit period, the back branches should be fully utilized in order to update the tree vigor and extend the result of years. The method of thinning can't be small or big. That is to say, when the branches are to be thinned, they should first consider the large branches, and then consider the branchlets to prevent the phenomenon of “light stick†in the whole plant. 2 For trees with too many branches, do not remove too much one time. You can do it year by year, and remove them in batches. You can't do more than two at a time. 3 It is not possible to eliminate two opposite branches at the same time, causing an oral injury so as not to weaken the upper tree. 4 Saw the mouth with a knife to smooth the wound. 5 Wounds should be sterilized and protected. Can be disinfected with 2% copper sulphate solution or lime sulfur stock solution, and coated with paraffin or anti-rust paint to prevent the invasion of pathogens and the evaporation of water in the tree. Pruning tools are sterilized in winter shears. Tools often contact the sickness due to carelessness. In this case, we must promptly use Baume 3 to 5 degrees lime sulfur or 50 times Fumei arsenic solution to disinfect, and then continue to use to prevent humans. Spread the germs. The pests and branches that have been removed from the winter branches of pests and branches are the source of infection in the coming year. If they are not cleaned out, they will inevitably cause serious diseases and pests in the second year. Therefore, the branches and branches of the trees should be removed during winter cutting and buried deeply or burned.