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Honeysuckle cultivation techniques
Honeysuckle is a dried bud of the Lonicera plant Lonicera (Lonicera Japonica) or an early flower. Also known as Silver Flower, Double Flower, Erbaohua. It has the functions of clearing heat, detoxifying, cooling and dispersing wind and heat. It is mainly produced in Shandong and Henan, and is produced in most parts of the country. Its stem can also be used as a medicine, known as caninum vine, with the effect of clearing heat and detoxifying, clearing wind and collaterals. (A) Morphological characteristics Perennial semi-evergreen shrubs, stems up to 9 meters in length. Stems hollow, many branched, old branches light purple, smooth; new branches dark purple, dense pubescent. Leaves opposite, ovate or long ovate, pubescent leaves pubescent, abaxially grayish green. Flowers paired and twined, sepals 2-lobed, pedicels and flowers pubescent; corolla initially open white, yellow to yellow after 2 to 3 days; calyx short, 5-lobed; corolla slightly 2-lipped, The length of the tube is equal to that of the lips. The upper lip is 4 and the lower lip is not cracked. The outside is covered with pilose or glandular hairs. The stamens are 5 with pistil. The flowers protrude out of the corolla when they are in full bloom. The ovary is inferior and has no hair. Berry spherical, black, glossy when ripe; many seeds, ellipsoid or triangular-ovate, slightly flat, black or brown, shiny. Flowering from May to September, fruiting period from July to October. (B) growth habits Honeysuckle hi warm and humid climate, strong resistance, resistance to cold and high temperature, but the flower bud differentiation suitable temperature is about 15 °C, growth temperature is suitable for 20 °C ~ 30 °C. Resistance to drought, drought, salt and alkali resistance. Hi sunshine is sufficient, and light has a great influence on the growth and development of plants, and sufficient sunlight can make the plants grow and flourish and robust, thereby increasing flower yield. Germination of seeds requires lower temperatures, such as placing in a refrigerator for 80 days, the germination rate can reach 80%. Seed life is 2 to 3 years. (III) Cultivation Techniques 1. Soil requirements for the selection and preparation of honeysuckle are not strict, but it is better to use humus soil with deep, loose and fertile soil. Every 1,000 square meters of planted manure before planting 6,000 kilograms, deep plowing, seed breeders, can be made into a one-meter-wide flat eel; cutting propagation, do not make eel. 2. Propagation methods use seeds or cuttings, which are used in more production. (1) Seed propagation: In November, mature fruits were harvested, washed in water, net flesh and seeds were removed, and the whole seeds were taken out and dried. In April of the following year, the seeds were soaked in warm water of 35°C to 40°C for 24 hours, and mixed with 2 to 3 times wet sand to germinate. When 30% of the seeds were cracked, the seeds could be sowed. The entire pot will be thoroughly drained. When the topsoil is slightly dry, flatten the sorghum surface and grind the line at a distance of 20 cm. Spread the seeds evenly into the furrow, cover the soil with 1 cm, and then cover the grass with a layer of grass to keep it moist. About 10 days after sowing can be raised. After transplanting in the autumn or late spring, the transplanting method is the same as cutting propagation, and about 2 kilograms of seeds are used per 1,000 square meters. (2) Cutting propagation: Generally, summer and autumn and rainy weather are carried out. Select one or two years of growing branches, which are free of pests and diseases, cut into cuttings of 30 cm to 35 cm long, and remove the lower leaves. On the selected ground, divide the spacing by 160 centimeters, spacing 150 centimeters from the spacing, depth of the hole 16 centimeters, insert 5 to 6 cuttings per hole, spread and stand obliquely in the soil, expose 7 centimeters to 10 centimeters on the ground, and follow the scissors. Plug in, fill soil after planting and watering. Can also be used to transplant seedlings transplanting method, in order to save purlin, easy to manage. 3. Field management (1) Cultivate weeds and cultivate soil: After planting, we must timely cultivating and weeding, first deep and shallow, and do not injure the roots. Every year in early spring and after freezing in the autumn, soil should be cultivated to prevent root exposure. (2) Top dressing: often combined with earth. The method is to open a shallow ditch around the flower pier, spread the fertilizer in the ditch, cover it with soil. Fertilizers can be farm-based fertilizers, with a small amount of fertilizer, fertilizer can be determined according to the size of flower piers. General perennial big flower Pier, each pier can be applied farmhouse manure 5 kg to 6 kg, compound fertilizer 50 grams to 100 grams. In addition, conditions can be top-dressed once after flowering. (3) Pruning: In the first two years after planting, based on the trunk of the original planting, select 2 to 4 vigorously growing trunks, remove the tip, cut off other branches, wipe off the buds, and repeat several times. To promote the thickening of the trunk and shape the whole plant into an umbrella. After shaping, pruning is performed every winter and summer. Winter shears mainly grasp the principle of "Mengzhi light shear, priming heavy shear, full dry branches cutting, and branches cutting". Generally, the strong twigs should retain 8 to 10 pairs of buds; the weak branches retain 3 to 5 pairs of buds; Fine, weak, sick, dry and twining branches, and high fork branches should all be cut off. The summer cut should be light, and after cutting the flowers in the front, it is usually cut to the top of the growing branches. When the new branches of Eli are germinated, the small shoots that have weak growth, yellow leaves and affect the ventilation and light transmission should all be cut off. In the summer, the effective shearing effect on the second and the third silk flowers is obvious. 4. Pest control (1) Brown spot: Occurs between June and September, especially when it is hot and humid, and damages the leaves. Control methods: frequent removal of diseased branches and leaves; increased application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers to improve plant disease resistance; spraying 1:1:200 Bordeaux mixture or 65% zein zinc wettable powder 500 times in the initial stage of disease. (2) Coffee Tiger Tianchi: Originated from May to June, and larvae feed on branches, especially plants with more than 5 years of age are seriously affected. Control methods: Spray with 80% dichlorvos emulsion 1000 times in the period of adulthood and larvae incubator from April to May; use sweet and sour liquid (the ratio of sugar, vinegar, water and trichlorfon is 1:5:4) : 0.01) Trap adult; 7-8 months release of natural enemies Tianniu swollen legs bee prevention. (3) Agaricus obtusifolia: Occurrence from June to September, larvae eat leaves. Control methods: clean the garden in winter; found larvae, that is, with 80% of dichlorvos EC 1000 times or 95% crystal trichlorfon 800 to 1000 times spray. (D) Harvesting and processing Generally, the first flower is picked in the middle and late May and the second flower is picked in the middle and late June. When the upper part of the flower buds is enlarged but not open, it is most suitable for harvesting when it is blue-white. After the flowers are harvested, they should be immediately dried or dried, and the buds should be placed in a drying tray. The thickness should be 3 cm to 6 cm, and the principle of drying to dryness should be the same. In case of rainy days, it should be dried in time. When it is baked at the beginning, 30°C～35°C, after baking for 2 hours, the temperature can be increased to about 40°C. After 5 to 10 hours, the temperature is raised to about 55°C to make the flowers dry quickly. Serve. Do not turn with hands or other things when drying, otherwise the flowers can become black; when not dry, you can't stop baking, otherwise it will deteriorate by heat. The honeysuckle vines can be harvested from the twigs in autumn and winter.