Huangshan Gongju, also known as Hui Ju, Gongju. Because in ancient times as a tribute to the emperor, hence the name "tribute chrysanthemum." Mainly produced in the famous tourist resort Huangshan Scenic Area and the national nature reserve between Qingliang Feng, rich in Anhui Xiunian Lantian, Nantang and other places, its growth in the unique natural environment, high quality, color, smell and taste , Type set in one, both ornamental value, but also medicinal functions, known as medicinal and drink of the best products, Huangshan famous specialty, famous at home and abroad.
Gongju with its unique quality and processing technology superior to other varieties of chrysanthemum. Chrysanthemum white, pedicle green, small flower heart, uniform does not spread, soft, fragrant, slightly sweet bitter, "Chinese Pharmacopoeia" as "the highest in the Chrysanthemum," "national treasure," and ranked China's four names Ju first.
Emblem chrysanthemum gourd bitter, slightly cold. Containing Ju Gan, adenine, choline and vitamins A1, B1, potassium amino acid, sodium and other ingredients, clinical application shows that: to calm the central nervous system, enhance the capillary anti-inflammatory. With Liver eyesight, Exorcism drop fire, the effect of cool solution table.
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1. Occurrence and damage of main diseases and insect pests of jujube
1.1 Occurrence and damage of major pests
1 The worm is a major pest in the production of winter jujube. It is a larva that injure the jujube buds, leaves, and buds of the jujube tree. It is entwined with silk and hinders the spreading of buds. When the damage is severe, jujube buds, jujube leaves, and buds can be used. Eat up, great harm.
2 Juvenile Mosquitoes The larvae damage the young leaves, buds and young fruit. The young leaves become twisted and deformed into a tubular shape, showing a purple color, which is hard and brittle, and then turns black and withered. After flower bud damage, the flower buds cannot be opened due to the enlargement of the flower buds;
3 Dates: The worm and adult larvae suck 1-2-year-old twigs and leaf sap, and secrete a large amount of excrement, causing parasitism of the coal-stained bacteria, causing early deciduous and young fruit shedding, tree vigor Weak, severely causing tree pruning or whole plant death.
4 juvenile armyworm, this larvae damage the buds and leaves with larvae, use silk to affix two leaves, and feed in the damage; this worm also eats flower buds, smashing flower stalks, to silk flowers on the branches The damaged flowers become dry, but they don't fall off. The larvae inflict peels or fruit into the fruit during the later period and discharge the feces out of the fruit, causing the fruit to fall early.
5 Peach heartworm This insect larvae in the fruit damage, vertical and horizontal wear food, fruit filled with insect feces, Jujube Fruit red off, no food value.
1.2 Occurrence and harm of major diseases 1 jujube rust winter jujube main producing areas in summer large and concentrated rain, so that the growing area of ​​jujube rust, causing great harm. The disease mainly damages the leaves, and the yellowish blisters, which are scattered on the back of the affected leaves, are the pathogenic uredia spores. Most of them are on both sides of the main vein, the tip of the leaf and the base of the leaf. The epidermis of the late leaves ruptured, and the yellow powdery summer spores were scattered. When they were severe, they turned yellow and fell off, and even the leaves were completely exposed. This not only affected the annual output, but also affected the growth and results of the following year.
2 Jujube anthracnose? The disease mainly damages the fruits of winter jujube and also damages the leaves. When the fruit is damaged, a yellowish water-stained spot initially appears in the affected area of ​​the fruit shoulder or fruit waist, irregular yellow spots are gradually formed, and a round depression is formed in the middle. The lesion expands and becomes black, causing fruit drop, and fruit failure. Bitter can not eat. The victim of the leaves turned yellowish green and shedding, and some were suspended in jujube cranes with black scorch. The flowering period of the disease can be infected, but it usually begins when the fruit is ripe and harvested.
2 Integrated pest control technologies
2.1 Cultivation Management Measures
1 Strengthen soil fertility management? Do a good job of soil improvement in the garden, increase soil fertility, achieve sap capacity, drought, water, promote robust growth of trees, improve resistance to diseases and pests, reduce the date rust, jujube anthracnose, red spider, The occurrence and harm of dates, such as wax turtles, have obvious effects.
2 Properly pruning The pruning allows the park to maintain good ventilation and light transmission conditions, and timely cultivating and weeding, which can reduce the occurrence of red spider, date rust, jujube anthracnose and so on.
2.2 Physical Control??
According to the biological characteristics of main diseases and insect pests of winter jujube, physical control can be used to control pests and diseases. That is, in autumn and winter seasons, the litters under the trees are cleaned in time, combined with pruning, cutting off the branches of disease and insects, staging the fruit, scraping the old bark, and burning them together. At the same time, using autumn and winter, plowing the garden soil, destroying the wintering sites of pests, reducing the density of insect populations, reducing the risk of diseases and insect pests such as date wax turtles, date worms, peach borer, red spider and date rust, jujube anthracnose. In the winter when there is ice, hit the branches in time, you can shake the dates of wax turtles. In the 1 to 2 years of larval larvae, the larvae can be shaken and destroyed in time by using their suspended animation.
2.3 Chemical control Chemical control should choose the right time to obtain the best control effect. Before germination, spray 10% diesel emulsion or 5 ° Be lime sulfur to control the spider mites and dates. At the beginning of March, a plastic film band was tied around the base of the trunk, with tapeworm tape attached to the edge of the trunk, and a string of straw rope was affixed at the bottom. Each half month was changed, and the replaced one was burned to prevent the female feet from being trapped on the tree. The females were tempted to spawn, and they were killed centrally. Spray 50% of monocrotophos 0.067% to 0.1% of the solution on the tree before the leaf exposing. In the end of April, 50% phoxim is sprinkled on the ground near the base of the trunk, and 7.5 kg per hectare can kill the soil. Mature larvae. In early May, 2.5% deltamethrin emulsion was sprayed on the trees before the early hatching of the juvenile wax turtle until the formation of the shell. 0.03% to 0.05% solution kills it. After the rain in early June, the phoxim granules were sprayed on the ground around the 1 meter below the canopy, killing the unearthed peach borer. At the end of June, 50% of the solution of monocrotophos 0.1% or 0.125% of dimethoate was sprayed on the tree to control the spider mites of the red spider and jujube. In mid-July, the canopy sprayed 50% eumycin powder 0.167% solution or triadimefon 0.067% solution to prevent and control jujube rust. At the end of July, a 2.5% deltamethrin 0.03% solution was sprayed on the tree to prevent and treat peach borer and date wax nymphs. In mid-September, the tree body was sprayed with 0.2% solution of carbendazim or 0.33%-0.5% solution of alfa-aluminum to prevent jujube anthracnose.
Occurrence and Comprehensive Control Techniques of Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Winter Jujube
Occurrence and Comprehensive Control Techniques of Main Diseases and Insect Pests of Winter Jujube