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1. Selection of improved varieties and high standard planting varieties are the basis for high yield and quality. They require pure scion varieties, early knots and high yields, strong resistance to rootstocks, and a complete match between scions and rootstocks, without pests and diseases, facilitating the rapid growth of seedlings after planting. The growth is good, and the general harvest period is 10 to 50 years.
The quality of planting directly affects the post-plant growth and the first fruiting time. In order to improve the quality of planting, the orchard implements a unified plan, contiguous planting, according to a certain row and the ratio of close planting, according to the spacing of 3 to 4 meters, row spacing of 4 to 5 meters, digging 1 cubic meters planting holes, 35 acres of general planting. Before planting each hole, apply 1 ton of high-quality mixed fertilizer, 1 kg of phosphate fertilizer, 0.5 kg of lime, cover a layer of topsoil, and then straighten the seedlings according to the natural stretch of the roots, fill the planting points with the heart, and return to the root neck. To do the top soil, heart and soil, less damage to the root, cut off the root. Then spread the water, set aside a thin layer of soil, and cover it with grass to facilitate shading, moisturizing, drought protection, and rapid growth. At the same time, do a good job of reservoirs, drainage ditch, orchard roads, etc., which will facilitate mechanized operation and drainage. , laying the foundation for high yields and quality.
Second, strengthen management, cultivate high-yielding tree stands Saplings are mainly reasonable application of fertilizer and water, do a good job tapping, tipping work. Within 3 years after planting, diligent application and thin application of water and fertilizer should be carried out on an average of 1-2 occasions per month. Every time urea is applied at a rate of 7.5 kg/mu with water or 20 kg/mu of special fertilizer for fruit trees to rapidly expand the canopy and carry out early fruiting. Autumn shoots should be placed in advance before the beginning of September in order to promote its aging, to prevent frost damage, potassium dihydrogen phosphate can be used 0.5% to 1% spray 1 or 2 times to improve the nutritional level of autumn shoots.
The new shoots are vulnerable to swallowtail butterfly and leafminer, which results in the leaves being eaten or covered with insects, seriously affecting the photosynthetic efficiency, and inhibiting the growth of the tree. It is possible to use 17% water amifos 800-1000 times, or Wanlingshui 1000. Times, 5 centimeters on the new shoot watered, sprayed once every 5 days, 3 times in a row, combined with anti-ulcer disease, can be combined with 600 times the crown of copper bacteria.
The management of saplings should also be done well in plastic surgery. It is necessary to rationally pull branches, pick hearts, and shape in a timely manner so as to form a high-yield tree frame with good yield and breathable light.
Third, deep-turn fertilization, strengthen winter management in autumn and winter deep-turning to improve the soil expansion hole, increase organic fertilizer, Qingyuan spray, to create a good soil environment for its growth. Normally after the autumn shoot matures, the hole expansion depth should be 60 cm wide and 50 cm wide. A few days after the opening of the hole exposure, combined with Shiji fertilizer back to earth, so that the table rough bottom fine, layered layer of fertilizer, divided into 3 to 5 layers. In general, 75 to 100 kg of weeds will be applied to each sapling, 2 to 3 lbs of pig cattle, and 2.5 to 5 kg of bean bran. Each of the results of the tree weeds 100 to 150 kg, 4 to 5 hen cattle bar, bean bran 5 to 13 kg, while the whole park should spray lime sulfur 2 to 3 times, once a month, each time The water is made up of about 0.5 kilograms of Poemer's lime sulfur and it is combined with the removal of dead branches, diseased branches and fallen leaves.
Fourth, scientific management of hanging fruit trees is the key to winning high yields and high quality
1, to make sparse fruit thinning, wipe buds, control tip cultivation techniques. When the buds are budded, they must be trimmed to zero to stay early, remove crowded over shoots, shoot shoots, and weak shoots, so that the tree vigor will grow robustly and neatly; at the same time when the shoots grow to about 8 leaves or about 15 cm Take heart and spray 0.5% urea foliar to make it mature. Sparse and thinning fruit should be carried out in time to reduce the nutrient consumption of the tree body, and to remove the top flower and the base flower, so as to leave the middle of the two ends, the flower stalks are basically the same length, the size is consistent, and the growth is robust and drooping. Each inflorescence leaves 2 to 3 standard flowers as a hanging fruit flower, removing weak flowers and dense flowers. In the 10 to 16 days after the Xiehua, the fruit thinning work should be done in time to remove the deformed fruit, weak fruit, disease and fruit, poor fertilization fruit and fruit density, reduce nutrient consumption, and provide sufficient nutrients for young fruit growth and development.
2, timely, appropriate, and reasonable fertilizer. Rational fertilization can meet the requirements of Nectar, Phosphorus, Potassium and other elements of honey pomelo. It can achieve early knot, high yield and high quality. The time, type, quantity and method of fertilization should be adapted to local conditions and should be organic fertilizer-based and auxiliary. Phosphorus and Potassium Fertilizers promote fruit growth and weight gain and improve quality.
3, do a good job in soil management. To keep the orchard loose and moist, we can improve the orchard's microclimate by covering the grass with grass. When the long-term drought does not rain, and noon strong sun shines on the leaves, we should promptly do a good job of anti-drought work, carry out irrigation, infiltration or sprinkling to ensure sufficient water. In areas with severe fruit drying, to prevent sunburn, apply white paper to the sunburn site.
4, timely harvest. In general, harvesting is started in stages before the Mid-Autumn Festival. Premature harvesting affects the quality and yields, and lately affects the normal growth of the tree.
5, comprehensive prevention and control of pests and diseases. Diseases and insect pests are one of the important factors that affect the yield and quality. The fruit enlargement period is the period when the pests and diseases are most likely to occur. The prevention and treatment of rust-proof spiders, scale insects, diseases, and ulcers were mainly well-prepared, and drainage and anti-staining work were conducted in April. In May, weeds and slashes were used to strengthen management of green manure in summer, and moisturizing and resisting drought in July and August. Through agricultural measures to improve the orchard's micro-climatic environment, the conditions of disease and insects and the susceptibility factors of fruit trees will be staggered to achieve the purpose of comprehensive prevention and control. For example, uniform placement of shoots, early stay, and zero settlement will reduce the swallowtail, The damage of leaf miners, while reducing the incidence of ulcer disease.
High-yield and high-quality cultivation techniques of Xixi pomelo
溪Ximei pomelo is a kind of early-fruited pomelo, which can be staggered with the listed peak of Shatian pomelo. It is listed early and falls on the market before and after the Mid-Autumn Festival. It is sweet and crunchy and juicy, and it is welcomed by consumers and has better economic benefits. It is worth promoting. The relevant experience is summarized as follows: