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First, the advantages of fertilizer application
1. Solved the burning problem: Mushi urea exceeds 4 kg, it will affect the seed germination rate. Spring sowing uses urea as a seed fertilizer method to form seeds and fertilizers. The urea absorbs water and dissolves, so that the concentration of soil solution around the seeds suddenly increases, and the crystal water contained in the seed penetrates into the high-concentration soil solution, resulting in physiological burning. Species. Applying urea in the fall can avoid this harmful phenomenon.
2. Reduced volatilization losses: Since the amount of urea fertilization to be used in spring is small, it is necessary to top-dress fertilizer in 6 to 7 leaves, and the top dressing will be shallow, and it will not play a role through the drought, resulting in more volatile losses. Combining fall, ridge or broken ridges, fertilizer can be applied to a depth of 15 cm deep, while autumn is 5 to 7 cm deeper than top dressing, covering the soil, increasing soil sorption performance, thereby reducing urea Volatile loss, to increase production purposes. According to the test, the yield of corn with 10 kg of urea as base fertilizer in the fall is 16% higher than that in the summer and 22% in the sorghum. The yield increase of 10% of the corn with 30 kg of ammonium bicarbonate as the base fertilizer is higher than that of the dressing with the seedling during the autumn. %.
3. Improved chemical fertilizer efficiency: Applying urea in the fall, the depth is generally about 15 cm, which improves the soil's ability to adsorb fertilizer. This depth is precisely the corn root dense area, which expands the distribution of nitrogen fertilizer in the plough layer. Improved corn root nutrient conditions. Fertilizers are distributed near the roots, which facilitates the absorption of roots, expands the range of nutrition in the plough layer, improves the nutrient status in the rhizosphere, and improves the utilization of urea. Combined with application of fertilizers, nitrogen fertilizers can be distributed in layers to provide a sustainable, stable and balanced supply of nitrogen fertilizers to meet the demand of nitrogen fertilizer in the whole growth period of corn and avoid the occurrence of defertilization in the later period.
4. Increase the amount of fertilizer: Fertilizer can be used as a base fertilizer to increase the amount of fertilizer, can prevent seed burn, injury, and is conducive to once seeding preservation seedlings.
5. Saving the top-dressing laborers: Combining the bottom-fertilizer with the fall-turning fertilizer can save the top-dressing laborer and relieve the stress situation of the summer haymaker; at the same time, it also mediates the agricultural time, so that the corn can be sown in the high-yield period, and creates good growth and development conditions for the high-yield corn.
6. Create conditions for the use of mechanical fertilization: The use of base fertilizers for the fall can create conditions for the use of mechanical fertilization and can also increase the area of ​​base fertilizer application.
Second, the method of autumn urea
1. Autumn time: According to experiments, from the end of October to mid-November, when the temperature is 5 cm or less and the temperature is equal to or less than 4°C, it is most appropriate to carry out the autumn fertilization because the soil can be formed immediately after the fertilization. freeze. Premature fertilization will cause the ground temperature to be too high, microbial activity in the soil is strong, urea is decomposed quickly, and easy to lose; late fertilization topsoil on the soil freezes and blocks, and the contact with urea is not close. At the same time, according to the temperature, fertilization area, human and animal equipment power arrangements.
2. Autumn application methods: corn, sorghum, millet and other hard-cropped crops, flattening after the fall of the fine, ridging folder fertilizer; soybean and other soft loquat crops can be used after breaking, and then cover the soil can be. After the fertilization, timely repression should be carried out to prevent the poor contact of soil and fertilizer, resulting in loss of urea volatilization.
3. Autumn application depth: The key to the application of urea in autumn is deep application. The shallow application of urea can not meet the dense layer of roots and is easily lost. It is generally required to apply a depth of 10 cm or more, preferably 12 to 15 cm.
4. Quantity for autumn application: Generally 15 kg per mu, it can be increased or decreased according to the soil fertility and planned output. In the total amount of fertilization, leave 4 kg as seed fertilizer, and all the rest are applied.
5. Quality assurance: When applying urea in the fall, it is required that the soil conditions are the same as those in spring sowing, and the soil is finely crushed, and the imaginary soil is applied. If the fertilization quality is not good enough to reach the required depth, the effect of urea application will be directly affected.
The advantages and methods of using chemical fertilizer as base fertilizer in autumn
The conventional method of fertilization in agricultural production is sowing seeds and sowing at the same time, but this will easily lead to burning seed, injury, affecting seedling production. In recent years, the use of chemical fertilizers as a base fertilizer method in some places has yielded a significant increase in production, with an average yield of 48-75 kg per mu.