Balanced fertilization is conducive to safe winter winter rape

Rape is China's only winter oil crop, and it is also a good mouthwash for land use. It has a well-developed root system and secretes large amounts of organic acids. It can decompose and use insoluble phosphorus in the soil. China is also a major producer of winter rapeseed, widely distributed in China's Yangtze River basin provinces and the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Scientific fertilization is an important link in the high yield, high quality and high efficiency of winter rapeseed. Rapeseed is a crop that requires more fertilizer, and has more nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium requirements than rice, and is particularly sensitive to phosphorus and boron. Every 100 kilograms of rapeseed needs to absorb 8 to 11 kg of nitrogen, 3 to 5 kg of phosphorus, and 8.5 to 12.8 kg of potassium. In the absence of nitrogen, the rapeseed plants were short, with few branches and the yield was reduced. However, if nitrogen is supplied too much, the protein in the grain will increase and the oil content will decrease. Therefore, it is necessary to apply nitrogen fertilizer rationally. Only balanced fertilization can ensure that the yield and oil content of rapeseed can be maintained at a relatively high level, and partial application of nitrogen fertilizer, resulting in imbalance of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium can significantly reduce the oil content of rapeseed. From the perspective of current production, reasonable application of phosphorus, potassium, and boron fertilizers can increase the oil content of rapeseed and improve the fatty acid properties of the oil.
On Dosage, Dosage and Proportioning of Balanced Fertilizer in. Under the premise of full use of organic fertilizers, nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers are applied according to soil fertility levels and yield targets, mainly to control the amount of nitrogen fertilizer and increase phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. Take the proposal of rapeseed nutrient management in Hubei Province as an example. The recommended amounts of nitrogen, phosphorus and potash fertilizers are as follows: Yield level above 200 kg/mu, recommended nitrogen fertilizer (pure N) 11~13 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (pure P2O5) 4~6 Kilograms/acre, potash (pure K2O) 7~9 kg/mu, borax 1.0 kg/mu; yield level 100~200 kg/mu, nitrogen (N) 8~10 kg/mu, phosphate fertilizer (P2O5) 3~5 kg / Mu, Potassium Fertilizer (K2O) 5~7 kg/mu, Borax 0.75 kg/mu, etc.
During the fertilization period, due to the long growing period of rapeseed, the application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers at different times can increase the utilization rate. For this reason, the frequency of fertilization should be appropriately increased. In addition to basal fertilization, overwintering fertilizer, buddy manure and flower fertilization should be applied. For direct seeding and interplanted rapeseed, it is necessary to increase the time of raising seedlings in winter. The fractional application of nitrogen and potassium fertilizers should appropriately reduce the amount of basal fertilizer and increase the application rate during the growth period. Specific fertilization period: For transplanting rapeseed: 60% of total nitrogen and potassium fertilizers were used as base fertilizer, 20% for wax fertilizer (50 days after transplanting), and 20% for manure (80 days after transplanting). For the live rapeseed, 40% of the total amount of nitrogen fertilizer is used as basal fertilizer, 30% for drawing fertilizer (about 25-30 days after sowing), 15% for wax fertilizer (about 80 days after sowing), and 15% for manure ( About 110 days after sowing); 60% of the total amount of potassium fertilizer is used as base fertilizer, 30% for wax fertilizer (about 80 days after sowing), 10% for alfalfa fertilizer (about 110 days after sowing), and the remaining fertilizer is used as base fertilizer.
There is an important issue in current production. Basal fertilizers must be deepened to promote the growth of rapeseed roots. Taking live rapeseed as an example, it has obvious main roots. Lateral roots are distributed along the main root at various levels in the soil, and lateral roots are not well developed. If the fertilizer is applied only on the surface of the soil, it will lead the root system (including the main root) of rapeseed to grow longer than the surface of the soil and not deepen it, forming a â€œfloating rootâ€, which causes the roots of rape to be unstable, and the ability to absorb soil water and fertilizers is reduced, and tends to fall and shoot off. Fertilizer, drought and other phenomena. On the other hand, during the growing season of winter rape, various natural disasters or unfavorable factors such as spring rain and windy wind during the flowering of rapeseed, and the rainy weather that may be encountered during the mature period, are the limiting factors for the production of rapeseed in the country.
In short, balanced fertilization is beneficial to the safety, high yield, and quality of winter rapeseed.

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