Feed feeding is a key link in aquaculture. Some fish farmers do not know how to identify the hunger and feed of fish due to their inability to correctly grasp the amount of feed they feed, and do not pay attention to feeding methods, resulting in low yields and many diseases. Poor economic efficiency. The following is a brief description of the feed use management technology in the aquaculture practice for reference:

Master the conventional standard science feeding feed

In spring, the water temperature is low, the fish is small, and the food intake is small. When the temperature rises on a sunny day, a small amount of concentrate feed can be put. When the temperature rises above 15°C, the feeding amount can gradually increase, and the daily feeding amount accounts for about 1% of the total weight of the fish.

When the water temperature rises to about 20°C in the early summer, the daily feed amount accounts for 1% to 2% of the total body weight of the fish. However, this is also the season of illness. Therefore, proper amount of feed should be given to ensure that the feed is palatable and uniform.

When the water temperature rises above 30°C in the midsummer, the fish have a strong appetite and grow rapidly. It is necessary to increase feeding, and the daily feeding amount accounts for 3% to 4% of the total weight of the fish. However, attention should be paid to the quality of feed and prevent the leftovers, and Water quality needs to be adjusted to prevent pollution. In autumn, the weather turns cold and the water temperature is gradually low, but the water quality is still stable. Fish continue to grow and can still increase feeding. The daily feeding amount accounts for about 2% to 3% of the total weight of fish.

In winter, the water temperature continues to drop, and the food intake of fish gradually decreases. However, when the weather is fine, it is still possible to feed a small amount to maintain the fish's fatness.

Differentiate farmed species to select feed species

Farmed fish should generally use high-quality compound feeds. Different types of fish have different potential growth capabilities and nutritional requirements for growth, so their feeding rates are also different. For example, the feeding rate of grass carp at around 25°C is 5% to 9%, and that of carp is 2%.

The feeding rate of the same species is not the same, such as the feeding rate of Nile tilapia weighing 100 grams is 1.6%, while the same weight of Mozambique tilapia is 2.4%. When grass carp is used as the main fish, water and land tender grass resources can be fully utilized. When carp is mainly used as fish, fresh feed such as snails and clams can be fed.

The fresh feed can account for 40% or even more of the total feed. This can not only reduce the amount of formulated feed, but also supplement vitamins and trace elements that are necessary for fish growth and are difficult to prepare in compound feeds. It can improve the utilization and conversion effects of compound feed, accelerate the growth of fish, and increase the economy. benefit.

Feeding time adjusted according to feeding time

After feeding a certain amount of feed according to the conventional standard, the time for fish to eat is less than 2 hours, which indicates that the feeding is insufficient and should be increased appropriately. If the fish is fed regularly for a longer period of time, the time for eating the fish suddenly decreases to 2 hours, indicating that the fish has gained weight and the feeding standard should be adjusted. Feed the grass, snails, oysters, and other feeds, generally taking 7 hours to 8 hours to eat as a standard.

Observing the amount of feed by observing the color

The general fertilizer is oily green or yellow-brown, with lighter water in the morning and thicker in the afternoon. The transparency of the water is about 30 cm, indicating that the fat is moderate and can be fed normally; when the transparency is more than 40 cm, the water quality is too thin and the feeding amount should be increased; when the transparency is less than 20 cm, the water quality is too fat, the feeding should be stopped or reduced. . This is particularly evident in the waters of the main eel and eel. When the water quality is too fat, the eel and eel will have large heads, small tails, narrow backs, and inability to swim, and even thin and fragile individuals floating on the water surface. This shows that the plankton in the water is too small. According to the turbidity of the water, the amount of feeding can be determined according to the turbidity of the main squid. For example, the entire pool is turbid and muddy yellow. Excluding heavy rain or man-made reasons, it can be proved that squid swims very infrequently at the bottom of the pool, and the mud is continuously inundated. Due to the turbidity of the water body, it can be determined that the carp is in a state of starvation, and the feeding amount should be increased.

Differentiating feeds based on feed species

Protein is the most important nutrient necessary for fish growth, and protein content is also a major indicator of fish feed quality. For the same type of fish, feeds with high protein content can be appropriately reduced, while feeds with low protein content should be increased. Since there is no uniform nutrition standard for fish feed, and the protein content of fish feed is uneven, the feeds produced by regular manufacturers should be selected. It is necessary to strengthen feed management and use appropriate feed formulations. Different fish or the same type of fish have different requirements for nutrients in different stages of growth and in different environments. Therefore, dietary characteristics, individual size, and age of the main fish should be used. For the needs of nutrition, the use of suitable feed formulations not only meets the nutritional needs of the main fish, but also does not waste feed. For the feed to be processed into a palatable grain type, all types of raw materials are crushed and mixed to make it suitable for the main fish feeding grain type. It is necessary to pay attention to the quality of various raw materials, but also to add the necessary minerals and vitamins for fish. In order to facilitate the absorption and utilization of various nutrients by fish, it reduces feed loss and improves utilization. At the same time, the feed should pay attention to reasonable storage, moisture and mildew resistance, feed in the transport to prevent the rain or artificial wet, so as not to dissolve dissolved nutrients. The feed should be kept in a dry, ventilated place. When stored in a warehouse, it should be more than 30 cm above the ground and not against the wall. In addition, we must pay attention to shelf life, feed should be purchased first, and strive to be used within the warranty period. It is not allowed to use expired compound feeds cheaply, because their nutrient content is not up to the requirements, and it may be detrimental to fish.

Pay attention to feeding methods to improve the feeding effect

Scientific feeding is the key to saving feed costs. In the breeding process, it is necessary to grasp the feeding methods and techniques.

The first is the rational stocking of fish species. The basic conditions of the pond should be met. The water depth must be 1.5 to 2.5 meters. The water injection and drainage are convenient, the water source is adequate and stable, the water quality is good and there is no pollution, and the aerator and submersible pump must be provided. Before the fish is put in the pond, it must be disinfected with clear ponds in order to completely kill pathogens and parasites. Stocking species should meet intensive cultivation conditions. If fish is fed with compound feeds, the proportion of common feeding fish such as grasses, cockroaches, and oysters should be large, which accounts for 80% of total stocks, while filter-feeding fish such as cockroaches and cockroaches can only account for 20%. Fish species should be disinfected before entering the pond before stocking. The stocking specifications should be neat, and fish species of the same specifications should be given at one time. The individual differences must not be too different. It is better not to exceed 20%.

The second is to adjust water quality timely. A good water quality condition is a guarantee for a good feed feed, and we must strengthen water quality management. Water is added 2 to 3 times a month, and the depth of water is about 10 cm. The transparency of the water body is required to reach 25 cm to 30 cm. At the same time, splashing the lime with water in the pond regularly will not only increase the pH value of the pool water, but also help the growth of fish and the propagation of food organisms, and it can also prevent fish diseases. The regulation of water quality can also be carried out using microecological preparations or by periodically stirring the sediment. Normally, the aerator must be opened, and the oxygen in the lower water layer of the pool can be equilibrated by the aerator to timely improve the low dissolved oxygen state of the bottom layer and promote the growth and development of the fish.

The third is to insist on scientific feeding. Scientific feeding is the key to good feeding. On the one hand, domestication and feeding are required. When feeding compound feed, the fish should be acclimated with the same frequency sound (such as the sound of the feed drum) 5 minutes before feeding, and the time is generally 5 days to 10 days. Domestication method is: first stop the day. Then, on the second day of feeding, first scoop the pellet feed into the water slowly and spread it in a fan shape. Try to reach the surface of the water at the same time. The distribution range is small. The second time, feed in the same way. The two feeding times are separated by 5 minutes. Keep this frequency constant and domesticate for 1.5 hours. Repeat the first day's operation on the third day and acclimate for one hour. After the fourth day, the acclimatization time was maintained for one hour each day until all the food-eating fishes floated to the surface to catch food. The feed was completely consumed within a depth of 20 cm on the surface of the water and the habit of competing for food on the water surface was developed. During the domestication and feeding process, attention should be paid to grasping the rhythm of "slow ~ fast ~ slow" and the "less ~ more ~ ​​less" amount of feeding. Usually, normal feeding can be performed after 10 days of continuous domestication.

On the other hand, it is necessary to insist on "four definite" feeding. Fixed point, select the fixed position in the pool to feed, generally selected to feed on the bait. It is best to set up a bait station at a distance of 3m to 4m from the pond in the middle of the pond. Generally, 1 to 2 ponds per acre are set up for feeding at regular intervals; at regular intervals, the daily high dissolved oxygen period is selected, and timing is based on the water temperature. Feeding, when the water temperature is below 20°C, feed once a day at 9am or 4pm; when the water temperature is between 20°C and 25°C, feed twice a day at 8am and 5pm When the water temperature is between 25°C and 30°C, it is fed 3 times a day, at 8 a.m., 2 p.m. and 6 p.m., respectively. When the water temperature is above 30° C., it is fed 1 time a day, selected at 9 a.m. Quantitative, according to feed instructions, according to the pond conditions and fish species, specifications, weight, etc. to determine the amount of daily feeding, each feeding 80% to 85% of the fish after food walk; quality, protein It is the most important nutrient necessary for fish growth, and protein content is also a major indicator of fish feed quality. For the same type of fish, feeds with high protein content can be appropriately reduced, while feeds with low protein content should be increased. Should choose the regular manufacturer of feed, in which the content of various components can meet the needs of fish growth, and requires formula science, reasonable ratio, excellent quality.

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