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Multiple Fruit Cultivation Techniques in Solar Greenhouse
Tomatoes use multiple fruit-setting techniques, one seeding, harvesting 2 3 times, yield more than 2 times. The specific techniques are as follows: I. Sowing the plant in proper time 1. Prepare before planting. (1) Preparation of nutritious soil: Take 6 parts of the surface soil of the uncultivated vegetable field, sifted, and add 4 pieces of thoroughly decomposed pig manure and sifted. Dirt and soil is mixed. Each mixture of filth and soil is added with synergistic Bacillus thuringiensis or 50% carbendazim 40 g, potassium dihydrogen phosphate 0.3 kg and urea 0.2 kg. (2) Spread nursery beds. The nursery bed is 330 centimeters long. After it is laid, it is stepped on the foot again. The water is poured and the cover film warms up. The seedling bed is the same as the nursery bed method, and the membrane is warmed up after flooding. 2, species selection. Most of the winter and spring cultivation of tomato in winter greenhouse is in the low temperature and light in winter. Therefore, it is necessary to choose middle and early maturity varieties with high fruit set rate, rapid fruit development, and good commercial characters. At present, there are 15 varieties of good powder that perform better in production. 3, sowing time. According to local climate characteristics and years of production experience, the sowing date is determined from late September to early October. Planting will begin in late November and harvest will begin in the middle and mid-February. (1) Seed treatment. The seeds were first air-dried for two noon days to increase their permeability, and then soaked in the warm soup or pharmacy method. 1 warm soup soaking. Let the sun-dried seeds be immersed in water at 50°C to 55°C. The amount of water is 5-6 times that of the seed. After 15-20 minutes, the water temperature is lowered to 30°C, and the mucus on the seeds is removed and washed. Soaking in warm water of 25°C-30°C for 5-6 hours, germination at 25°C-28°C, sprouting after 2-3 days. 2 drug treatment. Soaking in normal temperature water for 4-6 hours, and then using normal temperature water to convert into 10% trisodium phosphate solution, adding seeds, soaking time 15-20 minutes, repeatedly rinse with water until the solution ph value is 7, remove the seed germination. In addition, the use of low-temperature seed treatment, the seeds will be germinated after immersion in 0 °C low temperature about 1-2 days, and then slowly warming thawing, can promote germination, enhance cold resistance, early maturation. (2) sowing method. The seed can be sown and sowed. Before sowing, the surface of the seedbed is wetted with a watering can. Then, a thin layer of moist fine soil is sprinkled on, and the seed is sown at 5-10 grams per square meter. After the sowing, the soil is covered with 1 cm. It is advisable to keep the soil temperature at the temperature of 23°C 0-25°C before emergence, and the plants can emerge in 4-5 days. Second, the cultivation of strong seedlings in winter and spring tomatoes The entire seedling period is in the late autumn and early winter season, in order to cultivate age-appropriate seedlings, seedling management is critical. 1, after the emergence of sub-seedling management. After 50% of the seedlings are arched, the temperature is 22°C-25°C during the day and 10°C-12°C during the night. After the cotyledon of the seedlings is unfolded, the dense seedlings, double seedlings, and sick and weak seedlings shall be removed early to increase ventilation and light transmission. Sub-seedlings generally do not water, in order to prevent the occurrence of seedling disease, soil see dry see wet, soil relative humidity of 60-70% is appropriate. After the emergence of the first true leaves of the seedlings, it can be covered with a small shed to increase the temperature and heat, and the temperature should be appropriately increased. The temperature should be 24°C-26°C during the day and 12°C-15°C during the night. Seedlings of true leaves can be divided into two seedlings with true leaves, and seedlings can not be too late. 2. Management after sub-seedling and before planting. Split seedlings can both increase the area of ​​nutrition, prevent seedlings from advancing crowding, and promote multiple lateral roots. Sub-seedlings should be carried out in the sunny morning. When the seedlings are divided, the seedlings are planted on the pre-prepared seedlings. The seedlings are separated and the spacing is 15 centimeters square, filled with water, and covered with a thin layer of nutrient soil. After sub-seedling, in order to promote its easing seedlings, as early as the new roots, the temperature should be properly increased, during the day 25 °C -28 °C, night 10 °C -18 °C, ground temperature 18 °C -22 °C. In about a week or so, the seedlings have taken root, and the growing point has begun to grow, indicating that the seedlings have been slowed down. 25 °C -27 °C during the day, about 10 °C at night, ground temperature 18 °C -20 °C, in order to promote its flower bud differentiation. Seedlings are generally not watered. 3, before the planting of tomato seedlings to be low-temperature hardening seedlings to improve the resistance of the seedlings, enhance the ability of cold resistance, improve the survival rate of planting, shorten the slow seedling period. After being fully trained, the seedlings can tolerate low temperatures of around 0°C for a short time without freezing injury. The hardening seedlings are usually carried out 7-10 days before planting. During the day, the temperature is controlled between 20°C and 22°C, and at night between 8°C and 10°C. The night temperature gradually decreases to the lowest night temperature between 6°C and 8°C. The shape of strong seedlings after low-temperature exercise is as follows: when planting, buds are present, the width of the plants is larger than the height, the stems are thick, the hairs are numerous, the leaves are deep, the internodes are short, the petioles are short and thick, and the seedling age is 55-56 days. This kind of seedling growth Normal, it can be planted. Third, rational dense planting 1, soil fertilization. Soil preparation and fertilization should be prepared one week before planting. The amount of fertilizer applied at the bottom of a single shed (80 m standard shed) should be: decomposed chicken manure 12-15 phr. phosphoric acid for 50 kg, urea 30 kg, potassium sulfate 20 kg. Special fertilizer 100 kg. After fertilizing, turn it deeper than 40 cm and then level it. After well-grounding, the large row spacing is 70 centimeters, the small row spacing is 50 centimeters, and the ridge height is 15 centimeters. 2, planting time. The time of winter and spring tomato planting is generally in late November, when the minimum temperature of 10 centimeters in the greenhouse is above 13 degrees Celsius. 3, colonization density and colonization methods. Density is 26-27 cm between rows, generally 3,000 per standard shelter. Colonization was selected on a sunny morning. During planting, the planting hole was dug by the size of the soil, and soil was placed in the soil. The soil surface was slightly lower than the ridge surface by 1 cm. Then the water was poured and the colonization water was established. If the planting water is not uniform, it should be filled with water. Cover the film after 5-7 days. IV. Management after planting 1. Temperature and light management. After the planting, until the seedlings are warmed, the heat preservation shall be promoted and the seedlings shall be maintained at 28-30 degrees Celsius during the day, exhale at 30 degrees C., and 15-18 degrees C. at night. After daytime sowing, the temperature remained at about 27-28°C, and it was released at 28°C. The temperature was maintained at 15-18°C during the night before midnight and 10-12°C during the latter half of the night. At the same time, a light curtain can be hung on the back wall to improve the light conditions in the greenhouse. Into the result period, the temperature during the day is maintained at 25-28°C, during the night before the night at 14-18°C, and at the latter half of the night at 10-13°C. As the weather warms up to increase the amount of ventilation, more than 30 °C should be promptly released. When the ambient temperature is as low as 15°C, ventilation is best done overnight, and the optimum temperature for tomato fruit enlargement and coloring is 24°C. Control the temperature during this period, 24-26°C during the day, 15-17°C during the night, and 15°C above the ground temperature. This way, the tomatoes will not only inflate faster, but will also be faster in coloring. 2, fertilizer and water management. In the case of planting water, the first fruit is usually not top-dressed and watered to promote root development and control leggy. If the soil is too dry, you can pour small water on sunny mornings. After pouring, the air is properly dispersed. When the first panicle grows to the size of the walnut, it begins to top-dressing and watering, and each standard shed topdresses 20 kg of urea. 20 kg of diammonium phosphate, 10 kg of potassium sulfate, or 50 kg of special fertilizer for tomatoes. Topdressing watering takes place on a sunny morning. After the watering, the greenhouse is closed and the temperature is increased. When the second ear fruit is inflated, it is top-dressed again and the amount of fat is the same for the first time. The tomato fruit should be poured once every 7-10 days. The amount of water should be even. Otherwise, the early and endemic diseases of umbilical rot may occur. 3, pruning. After two-half months of colonization, the plants cannot grow upright when they grow to a certain height. At present, the commonly used method in production is a nylon rope hanger to reduce shading. The tomatoes in winter and spring were singly pruned, and the tomatoes did not fight before flowering. Too early to fight was not conducive to root growth. After flowering, all lateral branches will be removed, and snoring should not be premature. Generally, it is more appropriate to go to bed and it can effectively control viral disease infection. 4, hormone treatment preserved fruit. Tomatoes must be preserved with hormones in winter and spring. Currently used are 24-d and tomato spirits. The use concentration of 24-d is 10-20ppm, the high temperature is used at low concentration, and the temperature is low at high concentration. First, according to the 24-d type and description with a good concentration, the liquid concentration must be registered. The red liquid color is used as a mark with a good liquid to avoid repeated flowering and cause deformity. The flowers that are open on that day are appropriate for the flowers. Apply a little brush to the flower stalks and apply one to one flower. Prevent drug droplets from producing phytotoxicity on young leaves and growing points. When using the tomato spirit, follow the instructions to prepare a 25-50ppm liquid. Dip a 3-4 flower spike in the liquid and then use a bowl to catch the liquid from the inflorescence. This method saves labor and saves time, and the fruits have the same maturity during the same growing period. In order to prevent botrytis, 0.2% sucrose or prohexine should be added when preparing the above solution. Prevention of gray flowering fungus is very good. 5, appropriate harvest. The red top of the tomatoes indicates that the fruit has entered the color change phase. Tomatoes can be picked and listed on 1/2 to 2/3 color changes. The abstracts are collected on the first night of the evening and are sealed at 22-24°C after being picked. The tomatoes are basically red after being listed the next day. The first fruit of the tomato should be picked as early as possible, otherwise it may cause premature plant failure and affect the fruit growth and development. 6, change head. Before harvesting the third ear of tomatoes, the lower old leaves and diseased leaves were destroyed and the air and light were increased. Choose to keep two strong lateral flies for cultivation. The placement of branches is determined according to the specific circumstances. Generally, the upper stunt results are early and the lower ones are robust. According to the growth situation of the two sides, the last one is left. After the third ear has been harvested, cut off the main trunk and raise the lateral file to continue fruiting on the lateral file. Side retention of 3-4 ear fruit topping, the entire technique with the former. This can be changed twice.