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The Occurrence and Prevention of "Large Eggplant"
"Rotten eggplant" is the collective name of vegetable farmers for gray mold, cotton blight, and sclerotia. In the winter and spring season, the eggplant rot eggplant is mainly dominated by gray mold, sclerotinia disease, and the two often cross. The main symptom is that the disease mainly damages small fruits and green fruits, but it also harms the leaves. Fruit victim usually infects the first filigree receptacle and then develops to the fruit and stalk, which causes the skin to turn grayish soft rot. At the late stage of the disease, a large number of gray and white moldy layers grow on the stalk, after which the fruit loses water and rigidity. However, the disease conditions are mostly low temperature and humidity. The optimum temperature is 23°C, and the optimum humidity is 95%. In winter and spring greenhouses, greenhouses, low temperatures, insufficient light, or continuous rainy weather for more than a week, it is beneficial to the occurrence of the disease. spread. At present, according to the author's investigation of Huxi, Yangshantou and Baodai bases in Fenglin Town, Yongjia County, it has been found that nearly 80% of eggplant sheds have varying degrees of “rotten eggplant†disease, and severe eggplant sheds account for 40% of the time. The incidence of plants, usually about 15%, is estimated to be reduced to about 20%. At this stage, the main feature of meteorological conditions is continuous and rainy, and the temperature rises and becomes unstable, which does not rule out the possibility of cold weather. In response to this feature, the following prevention and control opinions are proposed for the current greenhouse aubergine. First, the principle of prevention and control The prevention and control of “Rotten Eggplant†shall be based on prevention and comprehensive prevention and control; and shall be mainly based on agricultural control, supplemented by public school prevention and control. Do early prevention, early management, and cure. Second, agricultural control 1, drainage ditch, to avoid the accumulation of water in the field, generally do not do irrigation, if necessary, hole irrigation or irrigation horse water. Low-lying plots also need to be well managed for drainage. 2, straw pressure water in the air relative humidity of more than 90% of the eggplant shed, the width of the rice to cover more than 5 cm of straw or other crop straw, effectively inhibit the rise of water, reduce air humidity. 3. Properly extend the time of opening the shelter. When the average temperature during the day is higher than 15°C, you can open the shelter early and delay the time of closing the shelter. Open time can be as early as 7 am and closing time can be delayed until 4 o'clock. This can be facilitated by the prolonged ventilation time. But at the same time pay attention to the growth of eggplant. 4, pruning, leafing, removal of rotten fruit Under normal circumstances, the removal of "doors eggplant" following all lateral branches and leaves. The other leaves were timely and adequately picked on the principle of not corresponding shading, and the ventilation between the plants was enhanced to reduce the occurrence of diseases. Timely removal of rotten fruit, safe treatment of rotten fruit. The removed leaves and rotten fruit should be kept away from the eggplant shed, away from the irrigation water, and burned or buried in a concentrated manner to prevent the bacteria from re-infestation. Conditional vegetable farmers can install quicklime disinfection belts in greenhouses, which can effectively prevent sick people from entering the shed. In addition, according to the production practice, the removal of young flower petals and stigma, the control effect of up to 80%. Third, chemical control of Botrytis cinerea is extremely susceptible to drug resistance. Drugs should use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue, high-selectivity drugs, and be used alternately, strictly in accordance with the concentration of pesticides, control the number of times the same pesticide is used in the whole breeding period to ensure the production of pollution-free Vegetables. 1. Drug solution: Adding 0.1% fast keratin or acetaminophen wettable powder to the formulation of the anti-dropping agent or 2,4-D saffron solution, and then decorating the saponin effectively prevents the occurrence of gray mold. 2. Chemical control: At the beginning of the disease, 50% Sulfamethoxazole, 50% Acetaminophen, 65% Tengyin, 50% Black Ash, Shijiale, Funasa, Procymidone, Nongliling Clear, formulated as a 1000-time liquid spray, once in 7-10 days, once in a row 3-4 times. At the same time, pay attention to alternate use. 3, smoke agent fumigation or dust application: in case of low temperature and rain, to avoid pesticide spraying to increase the humidity inside the greenhouse, aggravate the occurrence of disease, can be used in the onset period of 10% Ke Ling smoke agent, 667 square meters of medication 250-300 grams In the evening, the fumigation in closed sheds can also be done with 10% gray mold spirit dust agent, 667 square meters of medication 1 kilogram, apply 1 time every 507 days, apply 2-3 times. According to another report, the use of the "de profit" cold hair system to prevent and control in the evening has a better control effect.