At present, the adoption of pollution-free and green environmental protection methods to control the occurrence of pests and diseases is an urgent problem to be solved in the current facility vegetable production. In production, we adhere to the policy of “prevention-based, comprehensive prevention and control”. Based on agricultural prevention and control, we should coordinate the use of physical control, physical control, scientific and standardized use of pesticides, and reduce pesticide residues, so as to achieve pollution-free and green greening of facility vegetables. aims.

1 Agricultural control

1.1 Selection of disease-resistant early varieties

Different types of vegetables or different varieties of the same kind of vegetables suffer different degrees from the same pests and diseases, and even vary greatly, some are rarely harmful, and some are seriously harmful. This is a physiological characteristic of vegetables, namely vegetables. Disease resistance and insect resistance. It is a cost-effective measure to control vegetable pests and diseases by selecting suitable varieties that are suitable for local cultivation, high-yield, resistant to pests and diseases, and low or no application.

1.2 Rotation

The same kind of vegetables are planted in greenhouses of the same plot for many years, which is prone to continuous cropping obstacles. The pests and diseases are aggravated, and rotation is necessary. It is necessary to pay attention to the cultivation of vegetables of the same family. For example, tomatoes and peppers are all kinds of vegetables of the family Solanaceae. If they are tomatoes, the dead peppers of the scorpion are serious, with many pests and diseases, and poor growth. The rotation of various vegetables in different families for 2 to 4 years has obvious effects of reducing or reducing pests and diseases. In production, cucumbers and eggplants should be separated by more than 4 years. Tomatoes, peppers, broccoli, and kidney beans should be separated by more than 3 years. Spinach, leeks, and onions should be separated by more than one year.

1.3 Reasonable close planting

Reasonable close planting can make the crop have suitable nutrient area per plant and better ventilation and light transmission conditions, so that the plant grows robustly, has strong ability to resist pests and diseases, and the yield is correspondingly improved. In production, according to different varieties, reasonable planting density should be determined to prevent planting too dense, resulting in shelter in the shed, insufficient light, and weak plant growth, which is conducive to the occurrence and harm of pests and diseases.

1.4 Deep ploughing and drying

Combined with high-temperature shack soil, deep ploughing combined with high-temperature suffocating shed to kill the bacteria eggs, reduce the pests and diseases of the vegetables. In the summer and autumn seasons, after harvesting the front stalks, use the greenhouse to expose the soil to deep ploughing for 3~5 days, then cover the membrane for 5~7d, so that the maximum temperature in the shed reaches 70 °C, which can effectively kill the shed and soil surface ploughing. Layer of germs and pests.

1.5 Adopt high ridge width and narrow row planting and mulching cultivation

Planting with high ridge width and narrow row is beneficial to increase ground temperature, enhance ventilation and light transmission capacity, promote root growth, prevent water accumulation in the field, and reduce the occurrence of pests and diseases. Film mulching cultivation is beneficial to warming and protecting moisture, reducing water evaporation, reducing air humidity in the shed, promoting early maturity, increasing yield and benefit, inhibiting the development of vegetable diseases and insect pests, and preventing the spread of soil-borne bacteria.

1.6 Reasonable fertilizer management

Reasonable fertilizer and water management is the central link of field management. The imbalance of fertilizer and water management is an important reason for the growth of vegetables and pests. Excessive fertilizer, excessive flow in the field, easy to grow plants, soft tissue often lead to the occurrence and harm of many pests; lack of water, drought, climate, and many pests and diseases are prone to harm. Therefore, it is necessary to rationally manage the fertilizer and fertilizer. On the basis of the application of organic fertilizer, according to the demand of vegetables for various nutrients, supplement the fertilizer, increase the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers, and prevent the excessive application of nitrogen fertilizer, thereby improving the plant's ability to resist pests and diseases. Note that the application of organic fertilizer must be fully decomposed, and the unfertilized organic fertilizer contains pathogens and parasites, which are easy to contaminate and harm the vegetables, and reduce the disease resistance of the plants.

1.7 Cleaning the countryside

This method refers to the timely removal of pests, diseased branches, diseased fruits, etc. during the growth of vegetables, concentrated burning or deep burial, reducing or avoiding the spread or spread of germs during plant growth. After the vegetables are harvested, the residuals of the diseased plants left on the ground should be removed and brought to the outside of the shed. They should be destroyed or buried deep away from the greenhouse to reduce the source of pests and diseases.

1.8 Adopting drip irrigation technology

Drip irrigation of facility vegetables can avoid the disadvantages of water-borne diseases and insects, and can also reduce the relative humidity of soil and air, increase ground temperature and temperature, reduce water and water infiltration, and improve fertilizer efficiency. Moreover, the vegetable can be developed and robust, and the group is highly resistant, which can create a suitable growth environment for plant growth.

2 physical control

2.1 Sun-breeding, warm soup soaking

Before sowing, choose the sun-dried vegetable seeds for 2~3d, and use the sunlight to kill the bacteria attached to the surface of the seeds to reduce the incidence. Vegetable seeds are generally soaked in warm water of 55~60 °C for 10~15min. When soaking seeds, they should be stirred constantly to make the seeds evenly heated. Soaking seeds with warm soup can play a role in disinfecting and sterilizing seeds and preventing the onset of seedlings.

2.2 Insect nets block pests

Covering the insect nets in the upper vents of greenhouses and greenhouses can block pests and prevent pests from moving. In general, 20 to 30 mesh insect nets can prevent the invasion of pests such as Plutella xylostella, Pieris rapae, Spodoptera litura, Spodoptera exigua, and aphids and leaf miners. The use of insect nets can effectively prevent the occurrence of pests, reduce the use of pesticides, and improve the quality of vegetable products.

2.3 Silver-gray membrane to repel pests

Using the negative tendency of aphids on silver-gray, by hanging silver-gray film strips in the ventilation of the greenhouse, or covering the ground with silver-gray film, repelling aphids, whitefly, etc., can receive better avoidance effect To alleviate the occurrence of vegetable virus diseases.

2.4 Using trapping techniques to kill pests

Use the phototaxis and coloration of pests to kill pests. Such as the use of yellow plate to lure aphids, whitefly, spotted fly, etc.; can also use sweet and sour liquid, black light, fresh grass trap, sexual attractants to kill Plutella xylostella, Spodoptera litura.

3 Biological Control Law

3.1 Insect pest control

That is, a method of controlling pests by using predatory or parasitic natural enemy insects, such as using a ladybug to prey on aphids and scale insects. In the greenhouse and greenhouse, the release of the larvae is used to control the whitefly; the red-eyed bee is used to control the pests such as cabbage caterpillars and tobacco budworms; and the beeswax is used to control the sweet peppers or cucumber aphids.

3.2 Application of biological agents such as bacteria, viruses and antibiotics

Using Bacillus thuringiensis (BT) to control a variety of lepidopteran pests on vegetables; applying agricultural streptomycin to control cruciferous vegetable soft rot, bacterial wilt, etc.; using avermectin to control Plutella xylostella, whitefly , root-knot nematodes, etc.; application of polyhedrosis virus to infect P. californica, tobacco budworm and other pests; application of multi-antimycin, anti-mycomycin to control downy mildew, powdery mildew.

3.3 Application of plant source pesticides

The use of immersion liquids such as wormwood leaves, pumpkin leaves, cucumber vines and bitter gourd leaves can prevent and control a variety of vegetable pests and diseases; using pepper and tobacco extracts to spray water can effectively control pests such as aphids, whitefly, red spiders and the like.

3.4 Using insect growth regulators

By using insect growth regulators to interfere with pest development and metabolism, the pests die slowly. Such pesticides are low in toxicity to humans and animals, have little impact on natural enemies, and have no pollution to the environment, such as diflubenzuron, taibao, and card gram.

4 Chemical Control Law

4.1 Reasonable selection of pesticide types, dosage forms and application methods

According to the type of pests and diseases, select high-efficiency, low-toxicity and low-residue pesticides. Dust and smoke agents are preferred. High-toxic and high-residue pesticides are prohibited. In the production, it is necessary to flexibly select the pesticide dosage form and application method according to the weather change. For example, it is better to use aerosol or dust to prevent and control in the rainy days, which can effectively reduce the humidity inside the facility and reduce the pests and diseases.

4.2 timely symptomatic medication

In the early stage of the disease, the pesticide is applied in the young larvae, so that the medicine can be used at the right time to reduce the dosage and improve the control effect. There are many kinds of vegetable diseases and insect pests, and the response of harmful organisms to pesticides is different. It is very important to select the pesticides for different types of pests and diseases and the characteristics of disease infestation. For example, the stomach poison in the insecticide is effective against the pests of the chewing mouthparts, and the pest control of the sucking mouthparts is ineffective; the metalaxyl in the fungicide is effective against downy mildew, and the prevention or treatment of powdery mildew or bacterial angular spot disease is invalid. Therefore, only the right choice of prescription drugs can receive the desired results.

4.3 Rotation and alternating medication

Long-term use of the same agent to control pests and diseases is prone to drug resistance. In particular, some pyrethroid insecticides and systemic fungicides have been used for several years, and the control effect is significantly reduced. Rotation and alternation are effective ways to overcome and delay drug resistance. For insecticides, different types of pesticides with different mechanisms of action or reduced resistance should be selected for alternate use. For fungicides, the protective fungicide and the systemic fungicide are used interchangeably; or the systemic fungicides with different sterilization mechanisms are used interchangeably. The rotation of pesticides using different mechanisms of action in production can delay the production of pest resistance and give full play to the efficacy of pesticides.

4.4 Pay attention to the safety interval of pesticides

The drug is used in strict accordance with the dosage, the number of times of administration, and the method of administration as specified in the instructions for use of pesticides. Strictly control the safe interval of pesticide use, harvest at specified safe intervals, especially melons and fruits, to prevent post-meal poisoning. Generally, the temperature in summer is high, and the toxicity of pesticides disappears quickly. The safety interval after pesticide application is 5~7d, at least 7~10d in spring and autumn, and 15d in winter.

4.5 Properly mixed medication

When multiple pests and diseases occur at the same time, it is necessary to correctly compound the pesticides, which can improve the control effect and expand the scope of prevention and treatment. However, the pesticides in the actual application can not be mixed arbitrarily. Before application, the physicochemical properties of the medicament should be mastered. The agents of the same nature can be mixed. The acidic pesticides and the alkaline pesticides cannot be mixed, and the mixture is prone to decomposition and precipitation, which affects the efficacy. In the production, it is necessary to mix the medicines correctly, and achieve the purpose of controlling the various diseases and insect pests once.

I would like to talk about the green prevention and control technology for facility vegetable pests and diseases. I hope that friends of the vegetable farmers can learn the knowledge they need.

Skin Care Powder

Skin Care Powder,Honeysuckle Extract,Honey Powder,Eriobotrya Japonica Leaf Extract

Fufeng Sinuote Biotechnology Co.,Ltd. , https://www.ffsinuoteplant.com