Tao Zi Li Winter Orchard Management

Peach, loquat and plum winter orchard management is an important part of the annual management of Taoyuan Liyuan. It mainly includes the operations of Shiji fertilizer, soil deep turning, pruning, and clear garden. To restore tree vigor and increase tree nutrient accumulation, further improve flower bud differentiation, eradicate overwintering diseases and pests, and lay a good foundation for the next year's high yield.
First, apply base fertilizer:
Basal fertilizers generally use farm organic fertilizers such as chicken manure, duck manure, pig manure, waste manure, human waste, and pond mud. Basal fertilizer application rate: Generally 50 kg per plant per year.
Basal fertilizer application time is best in the combination of deep-turning in October-November, when the rotation expands the hole, the soil fertilizer is fully blocked and then applied, in order to loosen the soil, improve fertility and enhance water retention.
2. Deep-turning and improving the deep turning of soils in Litao Orchard in the winter season is an effective measure to improve the soil. In particular, combined with the application of organic fertilizers, it can increase soil porosity, enhance soil water retention, fertility conservation, and ventilation and water permeability, and is beneficial to root systems. Growth, but also reduce the number of wintering pests.
Deep-turning time: Most of them are carried out in autumn and winter. The best in autumn. Deep-turned wounds are easily healed and new roots are issued. Tao Yan Li Quanyuan is profound. General requirements: Depth: 20 cm. Blocks are not broken, which is conducive to soil weathering. When the soil is turned over, the crowns are shallower and the crowns are deeper.
If Tao Zi Li had not applied lime for two years, 3 kilograms of lime per plant was applied to regulate soil pH before deep plowing. The calcium content of the tree was also supplemented to reduce the occurrence of calcium deficiency in Peach. For example, calcium deficiency in oilseedlings can cause browning of flesh, and early fruiting of young fruit in oil can occur as a result of darkening of the top of the fruit.
Third, pruning plastic Taohong Li is a hi light strong tree, buds strong germination, growth, tree vigor, crown easily sealed. Oil borers (black plums) also have branching uprights, and the crowns tend to produce strong, weak, and weak characteristics. When pruning, pruning should be based on their characteristics and appropriate pruning methods should be used.
Tao Tao Li generally by the three main branches or four main branches naturally happy shaping pruning.
During the winter cut, firstly, the big branches with air and light affecting the internal hemorrhoids should be cut off; 2 then the dense and excessive main branches should be removed or retracted: 3 pairs of main branches should be trimmed, and the main branch should be trimmed one by one. Extend the branches and cut off 30---46 centimeters: 4 long, medium fruit branches for short cuts, like a cut of 15-20 centimeters.
The main problems with the pruning in my county are:
1. Excessive amount of backbone sticks: Usually, 3 to 4 sticks of the main stick are enough. If there are more than 5 sticks, it will be too much. The disadvantage is that there are more than one main branch, then the small branch (the result of the branch and development Branches) are significantly reduced, especially when the branchlets of the inner branch are pressed off by the branch, and the branchlets run to the top of the canopy. Most of the branches of the oil pods are small lateral branches 1- to 2 years old, and the large branches mainly act as skeletons. Therefore, the main branches with excessive eucalyptus will gradually remove the main branch, otherwise it will affect the crown results.
2. The selection and retention of lengthened branch extensions and improper cut lengths: The backbone branches should be cut short year after year. There are two main reasons: One reason is that short cuts will promote branching and avoid baldness in the lower part of the shoots: Another reason is to increase the degree of sharpness and promote the firmness of the backbone branches.
The extension sticks of the branch sticks should be chosen to stay open at the angle of the weak branch or the golden mean branch. Because strong branches attract strong branches, weak branches collect weak branches, and strong branches retain strong heads, the stronger the branches are, the stronger the branches are. Therefore, to control the height of the tree crown and avoid the crown from rising too fast, we should choose to keep the weak branches or the golden mean branches. Extension sticks.
The shorter length of the branch extension of B. chinensis tends to be shorter, which tends to stimulate the extension of the branch length. Therefore, the length of the branch branch needs to be cut to a certain length, generally 30 to 40 centimeters. It is not long enough for my county to extend 20 centimeters for many extensions of the park. Therefore, it is necessary to change this kind of wrong cut.
3, the crown is high: the crown is high, easy to shade each other, the oil is hi light crops, so control the height of the crown, conducive to air and light, followed by high crown, trim, pest control is very inconvenient. Need to improve according to the following control methods:
1 The main branch cannot be cut too long during pruning in winter, generally 30-40 cm, to avoid the tree crown rising too fast.
2 Use head replacement method to reduce the height of the crown. Replace the main branch with the side branch in the lower part of the main branch and with the appropriate thickness, and remove the original main branch. This method is to replace the head. When head replacement is used to reduce the height of the main branch, care should be taken to balance the main branches.
4, the use of under the skirt is not enough: oil under the skirt is a small branch around the canopy pendulous, it is very easy to grow into a result, increase the production of die. Some fruit growers do not pay much attention. It is often cut off at will. This practice is a pity. The cutting method should pay attention to the following two points:
1 When the space is large, the lower skirts are short-cut and can cultivate large-scale branches.
2 When the space is small, the uniaxial result branch can be cultivated with or without shearing.
5, the results did not retract the branches, litchi brittle and easy to break, in order to prevent the results of the fruit after breaking branch 1 years of growth results, weak growth to renew.
2 Results of the annual branch, retain 15-20 cm short cut.
4. The purpose of the Taoyuan Garden is to clean up the orchards in the garden in winter, aiming to eliminate overwintering pests and diseases, minimize the number of pests and diseases in the following year, and reduce the damage. In 2001, the brown rust of Myzus persicae was severe, and the outbreak of oil red point disease caused many outbreaks. With heavy losses, it is all the more important to strengthen the clean-up operations this winter.
At present, we must pay close attention to winter pruning and spray five degrees of lime sulfur immediately after pruning. Every two weeks, spray 1:1:100 Bordeaux mixture again. It can reduce pests such as brown rust, powdery mildew, bacterial perforation, red spot disease, and scale insects.
When clearing the park, you must also check the trunks of peaches and medlars. If there is a filthy gum disease, you must first scrape the glue and rough skin, then apply 10 degrees lime sulfur. When a cow suffers damage, it is necessary to use a cotton-powdered dip-termination solution and stuff it into a wormhole. The hole is sealed with yellow mud, so that the drug gas poisons the larvae of the longhorned beetle.

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