With the continuous development of our country’s economy and the improvement of people’s living standards, milk that was previously used to nourish the elderly and children has become the daily consumer goods of ordinary families. Some enterprises and farmers have invested in raising dairy cows. The dairy farming industry has also gradually developed, but due to poor dairy breeds, the breeding techniques have failed and often result in losses. Therefore, according to the current situation of dairy cow breeding in China, combined with the practice for many years, the author puts forward the technical points that are suitable for small-scale dairy cows for farmers to use for reference. As a botanical alternative to tobacco, Original E-Cigarette provides true smoking experice.It is closest to the taste of traditional cigarettes,Customers can easily adapt to this taste,This is the best choice for people who are addicted to cigarettes. It also gives you a feeling of relaxation,it provides smoking enjoyment without nicotine.It can effectively help people quit smoking.For smokers, this is a very good option to get rid of traditional cigarette damage. Original Cartridge,Original E-Cigarette,Original Cigarette Heatsticks,Original Cigarette Heatsticks Alternative Dongguan Vanilla Bioengineering Co., Ltd. , http://www.healthythanbefore.com
(1) It is very important to select dairy cows for the selection of cow breeds with different breeds and different individuals. The most widely used breed currently used is Holstein cows, or "black-and-white cows." Under good husbandry and management conditions, the annual output of milk can reach 5,000 to 7,000 kilograms, and the highest can reach 10,000 kilograms. In addition to black-and-white dairy cows, in China, there are also Danish Red Bull and Simmental cattle. Milk production capacity is also good, but the population is small. After choosing a good variety, we must also select individuals. A good cow requires a tall individual, with clear edges and corners, a handsome color, a long middle body, no collapse of the back lumbar, a deep chest and abdomen, a large belly circumference without sagging, strong legs and feet, and a breast. Well-developed, well-adhered, well-deep well-developed, well-proportioned four-milk area, moderate size nipples, no inverted nipples, soft breasts during dry-fat period, lactation requires thick veins on the surface of the breast, and full plumpness without sagging. Conditions should also examine the mother's milk performance and father's quality.
(b) Provide sufficient fodder before stocking enough grass to purchase cows. The dairy cow diet consists of three main components, namely green fodder, roughage fodder and concentrate fodder. 1 Green feed refers to all kinds of pasture, green straw and silage. Due to the large food intake of dairy cows, planting of pastures is not easy to supply all year round, and the seasonality of green straw is also very strong. Therefore, it is best to make silage. The method for making silage is to dig a silo first, round or rectangular, surrounded by bricks, and then wiped with cement. The bottom and corners are rounded to facilitate compaction of the storage material. More than 20 cm out of the ground to prevent the inflow of rainwater. It is best to prepare two pits for professional households and use them alternately. After the silo is prepared, various pastures and straws can be shortened and filled with 65% to 70% moisture content. After being fully packed, it is tightly sealed to ensure airtightness. After 1 month in the fall and 2 months in the winter, it can be used for feeding. When feeding, care should be taken to gradually add more and how much to feed each day. , Remove and cover the plastic cloth. 2 Roughage refers to all kinds of hay and straw. Because the nutritive value of hay is higher than that of straw, it is better to dry some hay in summer and autumn. 3 Concentrated feeds can be purchased directly from mixed feeds, or they can be prepared by themselves, ie, energy feeds (corn, bran, etc.) account for 70% to 75%, and pancakes (bean cakes, soybean meal, rapeseed cakes, etc.) account for 20%. Others Minerals, salts, additives, etc. account for 5% to 10%. Generally, each adult dairy cow needs 9000 kg of green feed, 1,000 kg of roughage, and 2,000 kg of concentrated feed each year.
(C) Elaborate feeding If the rearing management cannot keep up, even the best dairy cows will not have a high milk yield, so careful feeding is also crucial. Cowshed lighting conditions are better. Clean it daily. The sun shines outdoors in the winter and in the summer when it is cold. Green fodder is adequately supplied. It is better to eat less if there is not enough leftover, roughage is used as a collocation, and a small amount is added. Fine feed is generally calculated according to milk production. High-yielding dairy cows feed 1 kg of fine material per kilogram of milk produced; low-yielding dairy cows produce 4 kilograms of milk per output. 1 kg fine material. Daily timing feeding, be careful not to feed mildew feed, drink cold ice water or dirty water. When milk is produced for about 10 months, it is necessary to gradually dry milk, because at this time the fetus has been developed to about 7 months, cows consume a lot, dry milk is conducive to the rest of the cows and finishing, to prepare for the next lactation period. There are two ways to dry milk, one is to gradually dry milk method, that is to reduce the number of milking from 3 times a day to 1 day, after every other day, the feed gradually changed, with little or no feed concentrate, limit drinking water , Strengthen the exercise, stop the milking when the milk production rate drops to 4 kg, and gradually dry the milk in 2 weeks; another method is to dry the milk quickly, that is, suddenly change the feed, daily feeding methods and milking times, so that Cattle are difficult to adapt to achieve dry milk, the specific method is to reduce the fine material, control the green material and drinking water, strengthen the exercise, the milk on the same day, once every other day, the cows dry milk within 1 week.
(4) Correct milking The correct milking method and reasonable number of milkings are effective means to obtain high yields. Improper milking methods not only reduce milk production, but also damage the cow's udder and cause diseases such as mastitis. occur. The cows were milked on the day of their delivery. Milking was performed 3 times a day. Each time the milk was used to massage the breasts, only 2 kg were squeezed on the 1st day, only 1/3 on the 2nd day, and squeezed on the 3rd day. /2, can be squeezed normally afterwards. Special attention is to not squeeze the milk in the breast on the first day, otherwise it will easily lead to postpartum paralysis. Before hand-milking, nails and hands must be washed, hands should be held on the nipples, and milk should be milked evenly and quickly. Each cow's milk should be squeezed within 6 to 10 minutes. Manual milking costs less, but it takes time and effort. Professional households are better equipped with milking machines. Milking with machines not only saves time and effort, but also greatly reduces the chances of milk contamination.
(5) Pay attention to the fact that healthy milk is directly consumed or used for deep processing. Therefore, it must be ensured that the milk is clean and hygienic, and cannot be mixed with dirt or adulterated. Every time before milking and after milking, clean the milk barrel and the milking machine. The cow's hindquarters should be brushed and the breasts should be scrubbed. The first milk should be discarded and not squeezed. The lids are sold as soon as possible or sent to the acquisition station. During cows suffering from mastitis or certain medications, it should be noted that the milk can not be used for drinking because some residual drugs can enter the milk and affect the quality of the milk.
Author: Xinyue Livestock Research Institute, Dechang Township, Zhaodong City, Heilongjiang Province