Planting methods Planting conditions Jute tropical and subtropical crops are suitable for high temperature and humid conditions above 20°C. The minimum temperature for germination is 13-14°C. Soil fertile, well-drained sandy loam is required. In short-day crops, long-fruited jute is more sensitive to sunlight than jujube jute. When China selects southern varieties for introduction into the North, it can increase the period of vegetative growth and significantly increase fiber production. [3] Because jute seeds are small and the top soil is weak, it is important to create a good soil environment at the time of sowing. Generally after the last harvest, the land will be ploughed in time. Round fruit jute is sown from late March to early May. Long-fruited jute is sown from late April to mid-May, and earlier than the north in the south. Huang Muzi Seedlings grow slowly above the ground, afraid of earthworms and afraid of drought, it should be diligent in the cultivation of weeds and drainage flood control, early seedlings, early set seedlings. The phloem bast tissue contains primary fibers and secondary fibers. The primary fibers are from the original meristem. The fiber bundles are long, and the texture is soft and of good quality. The secondary fibers are differentiated by formation layers and the fiber bundles are of poor short quality. Increase the proportion of primary fiber and improve fiber quality. The number of effective plants per acre is about 14,000 round jute and about 18,000 long jute. During the period from June to July, the long-term growth of the ramie grows quickly and grows about 5 centimeters per day. It is advisable to reapply early dressings and promote long stems. After budding and flowering, it enters the reproductive growth stage. When the plants are half-flowered and half-fruited, about half a month after flowering, it is the mature harvesting period of the craft. The seeds are planted and cultivated with the original strains or seedlings, while the latter is cut at the buds and the seedlings are preserved. Usually when the pod becomes brown, it can be harvested and threshed. Breed with seeds. After harvesting ripe and full fruits in the fall, air dry or dried, remove the skin, take out the seeds and store them in a ventilated storage bag. Sowing in March of the following year, live broadcast, according to the spacing of 35cm ditch seeding, ditch depth 5cm, the seeds will be broadcast evenly in the ditch, covered with fine soil 2cm, watering moisturizing. About 7-10d emergence. Field management When the seedling height is 4-5cm, 1 seedling is planted at a distance of about 5cm from the planting site, and the thinning human fecal urine or urea is topdressed. During the growing period until the closure of the seal, monthly compound fertilizer or farmyard fertilizer is applied, and phosphorus and potassium fertilizer are applied once during the flowering period. Before each top dressing, we tilled and weeded and soiled. Processing After the linen plants are harvested, the ramie degumming is performed. The unpeeled hemp skin is called raw hemp or raw hemp. After degumming, it is called cooked hemp or fine hemp. The finishing rate is about 55%. General degumming with water stains, when the water temperature is 30 ~ 35 °C, 7 ~ 8 days can be washed. 5 pest control Black spot anthrax There are anthrax and root worm disease. Anthracnose mainly damages the stems, and the lesions are dark brown, round or oval. The spread of lesions causes the stems to be broken and reduces the fiber quality. After infection with root nematodes, yellow nodules emerged in the roots, and they ruptured after being rotted, causing the stubble to die. The main insect pests were small tigers and yellow worms. 1, symptoms Seedlings, plants can be disease. In the seedling stage, a few days after emergence of the disease, the onset of disease emerged. Gray and black spots appeared on the edges of the leaves, and then expanded into semicircular to nearly dark brown spots. The stems of the young plants turned brown and decayed or the whole plant turned brown and rotted. Severe diseased seedlings die. On the diseased leaves of the diseased plant, a pale black near-circular lesion with a size of 3-5 mm and a small black spot at the center; when the petiole is affected, the lesion is slightly oblong and dark brown; the stem is also infected with dark brown or black Nearly circular to irregular circular depression, with longitudinal cracks, size 2-3mm; pods infected, primary miliary size dark brown depression, severe invasion of the seed. 2, prevention and treatment (1) Breeding and planting resistant varieties according to local conditions. The long-fruited species of C. capsularis are resistant to disease, and the resistance is also different in long-fruited species. Long-fruited varieties 1-23 selected in Zhejiang are more resistant to disease. (2) Strengthen field management. 1 Early planting at the right time, staggered with the rainy season, close planting, attention to ventilation; 2 Scientific fertilization, pay attention to increase organic and potassium fertilizers, and increase plant resistance to disease; 3 Reasonable irrigation, timely drainage after rain, to prevent moisture retention; 4 timely removal of diseased seedlings, concentrated burning or deep burial, after the harvest clearing field sickness, reduce the source of bacteria in the coming year. [5] (3) Seed treatment. Seeds are seeded with 0.65% of 50% carbendazim or 50% thiophanate or 50% benomyl wettable powder or 60% multifuge, 40% pentachloronitrobenzene, sealed and stored for about 15 days. . (4) Chemical control. Spray 75% chlorothalonil or 50% Tuzet WP 800-900 times, 80% Dafudan WP or 70% WP WP, 25% at the onset of seedling stage or at the onset of adult growth. Carbonate WP 500-600 times, 50% benomyl WP 1500 times. Commonly used agents such as chlorothalonil, tetromycin, mancozeb, Dafudan, carbon tetracycline, benomyl, thiophanate, carbendazim, pentachloronitrobenzene, and multifu. Brown spot 1, symptoms The disease, also known as yellow leaf spot or spotted disease, can occur during the whole growth period of jute, mainly infecting the leaves, with leaf tip and leaf margin lesions being more common. Leaf spots are nearly circular to irregular, brownish to brownish, with darker edges and clearer boundaries. Spots scattered on the surface of small black spots, this is the disease-based symptoms (pathogens asexual state fruiting conidia). Lesions are easily broken into perforations. 2. Control methods (1) Deep-falling timely after harvest will help eliminate pathogens in diseased tissues and reduce the source of infection. (2) The frequently-occurring areas and severe disease fields advocate the implementation of crop rotation, especially the rotation of paddy and dry land. (3) sowing healthy full seeds, and sowing the appropriate period to prevent premature sowing. (4) Strengthen management of Ma Tian. Appropriate addition of organic fertilizer and plant ash and other potassium fertilizer, to avoid over-application of partial nitrogen fertilizer, regulation of drainage and irrigation systems, pay attention to the drainage of rain gutters drainage wet; and time seedlings, remove weak seedlings, too dense seedlings. (5) Early spraying protection. It can be sprayed with 12% ball milk copper emulsion 500 times solution, or 30% copper oxychloride suspension agent 600 times, or 70% can kill 800 times suspension agent, or 40% triadimefon carbendazim WP. 1000 to 1500 times liquid, or 60% Chlorhexidine WP 500 times, or 14% Ammonia Broth Water 300 to 400 times. Spray 1 or 2 times at the seedling stage; spraying 2 or 3 times before the onset of the adult stage or at the early stage of the disease. Bacterial keratopathy 1, symptoms Jute bacterial leaf spot mainly affects the leaves. The lesions on the victim's leaf were polygonal and smaller (with a diameter ranging from 1 to 2 mm). They were initially water-stained to light brown, and turned brown afterwards. Several small spots could connect with each other to form small patches. Severe leaves The keratin is densely covered, and finally the leaves and even the whole leaves are dried up. It is easy to fall early and the normal growth of the ramie is affected greatly. 2. Control methods (1) Look for and change resistant varieties in the area where people are often attacked. (2) Avoid continuous cropping. The conditional production areas are best to practice paddy rice and dry crop rotation. (3) Seed disinfection should be performed before sowing. Can use agricultural streptomycin sulfate or neomycin, or 88% hydroximycin or 20% of the wet powder can be soaked 3000 times liquid for 2 to 3 hours, picked up draining sowing. [7] (4) Early prevention and control of spraying. In the common endemic area, it should be sprayed at the seedling stage for 1 or 2 times, every 7 to 10 days; the adult stage should be sprayed for 2 to 3 times or more before the onset or initial stage of the disease to prevent disease. For 10 times a day, in addition to the above-mentioned agents used for seed disinfection, it is also possible to spray 770% of the suspension agent 800 times, or 30% copper oxychloride (Wang copper) 600 times, or 0.5%. 1% lime multi-type Bordeaux mixture can also be tested Daisin ammonium water agent (used in accordance with the instructions), pay attention to alternate rotation application, before close dense, spray even enough spray. During the epidemic season, the weather was continuously cloudy and sprayed. [7] Stem blight 1, symptoms This disease is also known as jute rot, stem blight, stem blight, and is mainly infested with stems. Seedlings and adult stems are browned with a fusiform lesion at the beginning of the disease. The lesions spread up and down and around the stem, resulting in browning of the stems, tearing of the skin, fibrillation of the fibers, and fibrillation. . The diseased surface of the affected area showed small black particles with a large needle tip, which is a conidiospore buried under the cortex. The disease often causes the Mamiao tablets to fall and die, and the adult plants suffer from stem blight and root rot. The loss is great. 2. Control methods Prevention and control of the disease should be based on the cultivation of high-yield disease-resistant varieties, and actively improve the cultivation of cultivation techniques, supplemented by spraying protection. Specific should grasp the following links: (1) Breeding and introduction of high-yield and disease-resistant varieties. India's JRC-918, JRC-1108 and some domestic drought-resistant varieties can be introduced and tested in accordance with local conditions and pay attention to the purity and rejuvenation of varieties. (2) Actively improve cultivation techniques, including: 1 It is advisable to carry out crop rotation and drought crop rotation in severely diseased fields and areas where the disease is often caused. 2 Rational Fertilization Apply formula fertilization, especially pay attention to increase organic fertilizer and potash fertilizer. 3 Renovate the irrigation and drainage system in Maeda, improve the ability of drought-resistance and drought-resistance in Ma-tian, timely clearing and diliquishing after rainfall, and timely irrigation and drought resistance in the dry season to maintain root vitality. (4) Actively introduce bacterial fertilizers made from actinomycetes and trichoderma lignosums, and use their antagonism to carry out biological control. (3) timely spraying prevention and disease control In the seedling stage and the adult stage, spray the pesticide 1 or 2 times (in the seedling stage) or 2 to 3 times (in the adult stage). 50% carbendazim or 50% tricambarol wettable powder 600 to 800 times, or 70% pentachloronitrobenzene powder 800 times, or 50% eutectic wettable powder 600 to 800 times , Once every 10 days or so, the ground and stem spray combined, spray evenly enough. Night moth 1, host and hazard characteristics The damage to the host crops by Juteworm is not widespread, and its larvae are mainly harmful to jute. The long fruit species of jute is heavier than that of the round fruit species, and under natural conditions, no larvae are harmful to other crops. However, some people believe that the larvae can harm ramie; the adult is a fruit sucking moth, can suck citrus fruit, peach, grape and other fruit juice. [9] 2. Control methods Prevention and control of juniperella moths should take physical control and chemical prevention as the basis for mastering insect pests and protecting and utilizing natural enemies, and actively create conditions for comprehensive prevention and control measures for biological control. Specifically grasp the following links: (1) Strengthen pest investigations and determine the appropriate period for prevention and control. 1 check the period of the moth is set to control the appropriate period. Set up a black light in Maeda, and observe the amount of moth under the lamp on a daily basis to determine the peak period of the moth, plus about 10 days for the appropriate period of control. All localities should determine the lighting time according to the actual situation in the country. 2 Check the larval stage and determine the appropriate period for prevention and treatment. A representative representative of Maeda 1-2 blocks, using checkerboard five-point sampling method, fixed 10 strains, to investigate the number of eggs and larvae of the upper stems and leaves of the hemp seedlings, and to inspect once every 4 days, when 100 larvae or eggs When the number of tablets reaches 50 (grain), 5 to 7 days is the appropriate period for prevention and treatment. (2) Light traps. In general, there is 1 black light per 1.5 hectares. (3) Chemical control Grasp 30% fenvalerate emulsifiable concentrate 3000 to 4000 times before the 3rd instar larvae, or 90% trichlorfon crystal 1000 times, or 2.5% deltamethrin 2500 to 3000 times, or 50% marathon Phosphorus or phoxim EC 1000 ~ 1500 times, or 80% of dichlorvos 1000 times, or 21% killed killing 4000 ~ 5000 times liquid, 1 or 2 times, spray evenly enough. (4) Biological control Where conditions permit, artificial Trichogramma can be released (150 bee bags/ha, 6,000 heads/bee bedding, making it a natural colony with a parasitism rate of up to 90%). In addition can be sprayed biological agent nuclear polyhedrosis virus, or BT emulsion (containing 12 billion live spores / ml) 200 times.
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