Chrysanthemum disease prevention

Chrysanthemum is also known as chrysanthemum, a perennial medicinal herb of the Asteraceae family. Using flowers as medicine, it has the function of dispelling wind and cooling and clearing the liver and eyesight. It is mainly produced in Anhui, Zhejiang, Henan, Hebei and Sichuan, and is cultivated in other parts of the country. The main diseases of cultivated chrysanthemum were chrysanthemum powdery mildew, chrysanthemum blight, chrysanthemum leaf nematode disease and chrysanthemum wilt disease, chrysanthemum leaf rust, chrysanthemum mosaic virus disease and chrysanthemum flower rot, etc. The former 3 kinds of diseases were common and seriously endangered.
1. Chrysanthemum powdery mildew mainly damages the leaves. At the early stage of disease, the leaves appeared yellowish spots and gradually expanded into pieces. The diseased leaves were covered with white powder and were mycelia and conidia of the pathogen. When the disease is severe, it causes the leaves to distort and deform, and the yellow leaves fall off. At the same time, the plants are dwarfed and the development is not good. The disease is caused by the infection of Ascomycetes spp. Conidia elliptic or cylindrical, unit cells, colorless, streaked on conidiophores. In the sexual stage, closed shells, appendages, and endophytic sac 6-21 were formed. Ascospores oval. In southern China, sometimes there is no or less sexual stage. The bacteria overwintered on the surface with the body of the diseased cysts and released ascospores in the spring of the following year to cause initial infection. In warm areas, germs can also rely on mycelium to overwinter on the living plants of the damaged plants. After the onset of infection in the field, the bacteria produced a large number of conidia, causing multiple reinfections. Conidia spread by airflow. After germination, the spores invade epidermal cells and form a suction device to absorb plant nutrients. In the late fall, a closed crust is formed in the diseased part of the body and it is overwintering, or the mycelium is overwintered on the living body of the damaged plant. The prevention and control methods remove the sick and fallen leaves in winter and burn them together. Pay attention to the air and light in the field and avoid planting too dense. In the early stage of onset, 15% triadimefon 600 times, 62.25% cents 600 times, 70% thiophanate-methyl 800 times, 50% carbendazim 800 times or 0.2-0.3 degrees lime sulfur was sprayed. Spray once every 7-10 days, continuous medication 2-3 times to control the disease.
Chrysanthemum blight mainly damages the leaves. The lesions are nearly circular, or irregularly shaped by the veins, or they are fan-shaped at the margins of the leaves, brown to purple-brown, with clear edges or chlorotic halos around the periphery, and dense black spots on the lesions at the later stages, ie pathogenic bacteria. Sporulator. Most of the lesions can make the leaves dry, and when severe, the leaves of the plants turn black and shrink from the bottom to the top. The disease is caused by the fungus Deinococcum spp. Conidiophores are spherical or subglobose, brown to black, walled membranous and apically vented. Conidia needles are colorless with 4-9 membranes. The pathogens overwintered on diseased plants and surface diseased bodies with mycelia and conidia. The next year the conidiospores released conidia to produce initial infection. Conidia spread by wind, rain, insects and contact, causing many re-infestations in the field. Temperature at 10 °C -27 °C, as long as there is rain, the field can be the disease, but in the fall of the flowering buds during the flowering period or rain caused by the high temperature conditions under the most serious hazards, continuous cropping and ramets breeding disease incidence. The disease can occur during the entire growth period of the chrysanthemum, but it occurs severely in the autumn when it encounters high temperatures and rainy weather. The resistance of different chrysanthemum varieties to spot blotch was different. The susceptible varieties were purple butterfly, new dabai, crab claw yellow and white pear. The disease-resistant varieties were Lake Moon, Autumn, Jade and Purple Gui. Control methods, after the harvest completely remove the sick, concentrated deep or burned to reduce the amount of bacteria in winter. The disease-free parent strain was used for cutting propagation. Reasonably planted plants should not be too dense. The diseased leaves and old leaves of the plant were removed in time. Do not apply nitrogen fertilizer, with the application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers. At the beginning of the disease, 62.25% Xiansheng 600 times, 80% Taisho 600 times, 75% chlorothalonil 600 times, 50% thiophanate-methyl 800 times, 20% Fuji 500-800 times, 50% Johnson Manganese zinc 500 times or 1:1:160 Bordeaux spray.
3. The chrysanthemum leaf nematode disease mainly damages the leaves, but it can also harm the leaf buds, flower buds, flower buds and growing points. In the early stage of disease, the lower leaves first appeared symptoms. The edges or tops of the leaves turned yellow along the veins. The veins were limited by the horny brown spots, and finally the leaves curled and withered. Sometimes the upper, middle and lower leaves on the side of the plant are withered, and the flowers are deformed after infestation. The flower buds are dry or degraded, and some flower buds are swollen and cannot form buds. The disease is caused by the nematode genus Nematoda. Both male and female are worm-type. The female body is slender, and the male end curls toward the ventral surface. The main lurking in the leaves of the victim plants is overwintering. Nematode sprouts in the following year begin to move and damage the bottom leaves. Crawling upwards from the base water film to new leaves expands the hazard. During the rainy season, rain and irrigation water spread through the fields, and sick cuttings and diseased seedlings can spread over long distances. Nematodes can invade from stomata and the entire life cycle is completed within the host tissue. Nematodes are a kind of animal with low aerobicity, and they often suffer from severe disease in the case of shallow plowing, loose soil, and cultivated diseased plants in successive years. Prevention and control technology, do a good job in rural health, timely removal of litter. Avoid continuous cropping or seedlings with soil. Cultivated disease-resistant varieties, general floret varieties resistant to disease than big flower varieties. Prevent splashing and reduce nematode transmission. Treatment of cuttings or rootlets with a constant temperature of 46°C for 10 minutes can effectively kill nematodes. Chemical control can be used 1000 grams of grams of phosphorus spray or iron granules.

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