On September 26, the handover ceremony for crop seeds returned by China’s first space breeding satellite “Practice No. 8†was held in Beijing. Zhang Yunchuan, director of the Commission of Science, Technology and Industry for National Defense, gave the returned seeds to Du Qinglin, Minister of Agriculture. This marks the successful conclusion of the development, launch, and recovery of China's first space breeding satellite, and the breeding program of space has entered the ground breeding stage. Scientists said with excitement that the development of space breeding technology and even space biology with China’s independent intellectual property rights is of great significance in continuing to maintain China’s leading position in this field and promoting the sustainable development of agriculture in China. Why is the "space seed" unusual? Breeding research cycle shortened by about half Higher quality and better yield after planting At 10:43 on September 24th, after 15 days of space travel, China’s first space breeding satellite, “Practice No. 8â€, landed successfully in Suining City, Sichuan Province. China's space breeding research began in 1987. So far, it has successfully conducted 13 space-borne tests of more than 70 kinds of crops using return satellites. However, research on crop breeding exclusively through space satellites is the first time. According to researcher Liu Zuxiang, chief expert of the National Aerospace Breeding Project and director of the Space Breeding Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, the “Practice No. 8†breeding satellite launched this time is China's first return-based scientific experiment with space mutation breeding as the main task. satellite. A total of 2020 crop seeds, seedlings, and microbial strains, such as rice, wheat, corn, and cotton, were loaded on satellites, and 152 species were included, including 133 plants, 16 microorganisms, and 3 animals (nematodes). Bees and silkworms). Is there really a wonderful change in the seeds after God's ascension? What is special about space breeding when compared to conventional breeding? Liu Xuxiang told reporters that seeds will indeed undergo some variation in space, and the beneficial mutation rate of space breeding can reach 3% to 5%. Variations caused by space breeding can generally be stabilized in the third and fourth generations. Therefore, compared with the conventional breeding time of 8-10 years, the research period of space breeding can be shortened by about half, and a stable new variety can be cultivated in 3-5 years. In fact, the seeds that swim through space are indeed extraordinary. The seeds were returned to the earth and carefully selected by the researchers. The miracle continued to emerge: "Uu Fan No. 1" tomatoes, orange, sweet, fleshy, with few seeds, average fruit weight 250 grams, the largest single fruit weight 800 grams of "Space 5" wheat is the first high-quality, high-yield new wheat variety developed and approved by China using space technology; "11 You Hang No. 1" is the nation's first 100-acre mu production breakthrough in aerospace technology. 900 kilograms of super rice still maintain 3 world records in the first season of renewable rice, the regeneration season and the national acreage of acres, and the promotion area reaches 2 million mu.... Up to now, China has bred more than 60 new crop lines such as grain, cotton, oil, etc., which have stable production and high production performance, and have entered the phase of regional testing or certification. Among them, 30 new varieties including rice, wheat, cotton, tomato, green pepper and sesame have passed national or provincial certification and have been marketed. According to the statistics of the Space Breeding Center of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, only the “Tenth Five-Year Plan†863 “Breeding Rice and Wheat Space Breeding†task group organized by the Center for Agricultural Sciences has promoted 850 million mu of 12 new varieties of rice and wheat grown in the past four years. , increase production of 340 million kilograms of food and create an economic benefit of 500 million yuan. Is "Space Food" safe to eat? There will be no adverse reactions It will take time to put on the table Since there are already "space seeds," what are the differences between "space foods" and "space foods" produced by space breeding and ordinary grains and vegetables? Can you feel safe eating? Liu Xuxiang explained that space breeding is the conscious use of space and environmental conditions to accelerate the variation of organisms. It does not introduce any foreign genes and is indistinguishable from natural variations. It only uses cosmic radiation, microgravity, and weak geomagnetic fields. The induction of genetic mutations in the chromosomes of crops such as deletions, duplications, translocations, and inversions. Under normal circumstances, it takes hundreds of thousands of hours for plant seeds to produce these mutations, and space breeding only accelerates this speed and there is no safety problem. In addition, the seeds returned from the space flight have undergone various professional tests and have not been found to increase any radioactivity. Even direct consumption is not at risk. What's more, the seeds are not eaten directly on the ground. Instead, they are planted and researched by scientists to select beneficial mutations for promotion before they can be placed on people's tables. Therefore, foods, vegetables, etc. produced from eating space seeds do not have adverse reactions. Liu Xuxiang stressed that the seeds do not produce high yields in one day. This is a misunderstanding in understanding. The seeds do not necessarily produce excellent mutations because of the randomness of the mutations, and there may also be undesirable mutations. It is unlikely that good mutations will be able to stably inherit genetics. After returning to the ground, a lot of screening, stability, and identification tests are needed. . After many generations of screening, identification, and approval by the Crop Variety Approval Committee at or above the provincial level, it can only be called a "space seed." At the handover ceremony on September 26, Du Qinglin said that after the seeds returned to the ground, the task of the agricultural research department has just begun. The effectiveness of space breeding projects must ultimately be reflected in scientific research achievements and agricultural production. The Ministry of Agriculture has already organized related scientific research units to complete all preparations for ground breeding. The majority of agricultural science and technology workers will step up research on genetic mechanisms of space induced mutation and ground breeding experiments, and strive to cultivate new varieties with high yield, high quality, and high efficiency as soon as possible. . “Through the implementation of the space breeding project, China will select 12-15 outstanding new varieties with high economic value, high quality, and high efficiency, so that the yield of the main cultivars will increase by about 10%, and the area for promotion will reach 30 million to 50 million. Mu, increasing grain output by 2 billion to 3 billion kilograms, will create output value of several billion yuan.†As the chief expert of the National Aerospace Breeding Project, Liu Luxiang has painted a good picture of China’s “space grainâ€. Simply put, space breeding is a combination of mature plant genetic manipulation techniques and return satellite technology. It uses the special space environment to induce mutagenic effects on crop seeds, and returns to the ground for breeding new germplasm and new species. Materials, breeding new varieties of crop breeding techniques. At present, China, Russia, and the United States alone control the return satellite technology in the world. Only China has carried out space breeding research. In April 2003, with the approval of the State Council, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Finance, and the National Commission for Science, Technology, and Industry for National Defense applied for the feasibility study report on aerospace breeding project jointly prepared by the Ministry of Agriculture and China Aerospace Science and Technology Corporation. The space breeding project was officially launched.
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Space Breeding Project (Extended Reading) 