Improving the productivity of male boars requires the selection of breeding boars, the daily management of male boars, the rational use of male boars, the prevention of boars and the reduction of premature aging.

1, the choice of breeding boar

The selection of boars generally requires great dizziness, thin skin, thin luster, strong physique, length and width of back; wide open forequarters, full hind legs, strong limbs, firm footed mass, uniform testes, symmetrical arrangement, male characteristics obvious. More than 6 pairs of teats. Currently used varieties are Changbai, Yorkshire and Duroc.

2. Breeding management of breeding boars

2.1 Feeding of Reserve Boars

2.1.1 Feeding rations to full price

According to the different growth stages of the pigs, feeds are formulated. Pay attention to the ratio of energy and protein. Especially minerals, vitamins and essential amino acid supplements. Generally taken before the high nutritional level. The reserve boar must be free to feed, and when it weighs about 100kg, it is selected as a species so that its potential growth rate and lean meat weight gain can be assessed. After the pigs are selected for breeding, their energy intake should be limited to ensure that they have an ideal weight when they are bred.

2.1.2 Limited Feeding

The rearing pigs must not only meet their normal growth and development, but also maintain the appropriate body conditions for fat reduction. The reserve boar feed amount is 2.5-3.6kg/d full-price pellets when the body weight is less than 120kg, and feeds 1.8-2.7kg/d full-price pellets when the body weight reaches 120kg until breeding. At the same time can feed some high quality green and green feed to ensure the full development of various organs. During the development of reserve boars, insufficient protein intake delays sexual maturation and decreases the amount of semen per ejaculation.

2.2 Management of Reserve Boars

2.2.1 Group Management

In order to make the growth and development of spare pigs uniform and tidy, can be separated from the mother and mother, according to the size of the weight of feeding, 3 to 5 per lap, the density is too high prone to biting tail, bite the ear evil lice. When the reserve boar reaches maturity, it can be kept in a single lap to avoid the evil that causes masturbation.

2.2.2 The exercise can be moderately exercised to make it healthy, with balanced pig body development and flexible limbs.

2.2.3 Training

The reserve pigs should emphasize teaching and management since childhood, establish relationships between humans and pigs, and prohibit snoring. It is necessary to cultivate good patterns of life so that pigs feel comfortable and conducive to growth and development. For sensitive parts such as the ear, ventral and breast, touch training to facilitate future operations and management. Training for reserve boars: Reserve boars are adapted for feeding for 45 days in breeding gestation houses to familiarize the reserve boar with the environment. Train the reserve boars in and out of the pigsty and walk on the road to catch the boar's tail during the training. When the reserve boar crosses for the first time, it must be patiently adjusted if it is not in the right direction. At this time, it is best to select a well-tolerated 1st sow to train the reserve boar. In addition, gilts can be selected for training. To adjust the boar and sow to the most suitable place in the circle, the assistant boar inserts the penis into the vagina and ensures that the boar finishes ejaculation. After the breeding is completed, record the problems in the mating of the boars and check the semen quality of the boars. Eliminate small boars with low libido, poor breeding ability, and poor semen quality.

2.2.4 timely use

The reserve boar should be used more than 8 months old and with a weight of 120kg or more. The minimum age for use should not be less than 7.5 months. 45 days before use in the breeding house to adapt to the environment. The young boar shall not be bred more than 3 times a week and the mating period shall not be less than 3 days. When breeding new boars, do not always use artificial assistance to prevent boars from becoming dependent.

2.3 Breeding boar male boar 250ml per ejaculation, the total number of sperm reached 25 billion, long mating time. Therefore, more nutrients are consumed. In order to increase the fertility rate and the number of litters of the mating sows, the breeding boars should be kept well. The boar's diet must be based on concentrates, properly matched with green fodder, and controlled energy feeds. Feeding must be limited to prevent over-feeding of pigs and avoid eating too much roughage, so as to avoid “grass-packing” and prevent breeding. For boars that are balanced throughout the year, the feed formula contains 12.97mj/kg of digestible energy, 15% crude protein, 3kg of daily feed, and boars for seasonal breeding. The breeding period needs about 2.5kg per day. In the event of busy breeding, animal feed such as eggs and fishmeal should be supplemented daily to ensure semen quality. In the non-matching season, about 2kg of concentrate is needed every day. If conditions permit, the boar can be fed with green and juicy feed all year round. The recommended boar feed is corn, soybean meal, fish meal, green feed, wheat bran and 4% boar premix. The use of wet spices, uniform modulation, feeding 3 times a day, to ensure adequate drinking water, food tanks leftovers should be promptly cleaned and replaced.

2.4 Management boar boars should live in clean, dry, fresh air and warm living conditions. At the same time, we must also do the following:

2.4.1 Establish a good living habit

Various tasks such as feeding, mating, sports, and brushing are performed within a fixed period of time. Conditioned reflexes are used to develop regular lifestyle habits.

2.4.2 Grouping

The boar can adopt both single-circle and small-group rearing methods. Breeding boars that are bred individually and sported individually can reduce semen loss caused by cross-climbing and save feed. The boars reared by the small group must be grouped before the performance of sexual desire, usually two rounds.

2.4.3 Exercise

Strengthening the boar movement can promote appetite, enhance physical fitness, avoid obesity, improve sexual desire and semen quality, thereby increasing the conception rate and the number of litters. In addition to the free movement of the boar in the sports field, the boar should be chased every day, one each in the morning and in the afternoon, each stroke of 2km. It is carried out in the early summer and cool in summer and once in the winter at noon.

2.4.4 Brushing and Hoofing

Daily brushing of the pig body at the same time, while repelling ectoparasites. On hot days, pigs can be flushed to keep the skin clean and hygienic, promote blood circulation and adjust boars. Make the boar friendly and gentle to others and listen to discipline. Pay attention to protecting the limbs and feet, repair hoofs on poor hoofs, and maintain normal hoof-shape to facilitate normal activities and breeding. Sweep the house twice a day to keep the pens and pigs clean.

2.4.5 Preventing bite racks

The boar is aggressive and will occasionally bite. When the boar bites the frame, it is necessary to quickly place the sow and lead the boar away, or separate the boar with a wooden board, or flush the eye of the boar with water and drive it away. Can not be beaten with sticks, it will cause serious casualties.

2.4.6 cold and heatstroke

The optimum temperature for boars is 18 to 20°C. Keep warm and cold in winter to reduce feed consumption and disease. Summer heat should prevent heatstroke and reasonable use of breeding boars

3. The breeding ability of boars, the pros and cons of semen quality, and the length of years of use are not only related to feeding and management, but also depend on the initial mating age and the intensity of use and the correct breeding method.

3.1 The development of male boar sexual function at the age of boar is divided into two stages: puberty and sexual maturation. Before sexual maturity, there is a certain sexual performance, even mating actions, but it is also different from the real typical sexual behavior. Often there is no ejaculation or no sperm in the semen. Although the boar is sexually mature at the age of 5 to 6 months, although it has normal reproduction ability, the body is still in a rapid development stage. If the breeding is started at this time, the energy consumption is very large, and the boar lifespan is bound to be shortened, and the conception rate is also low. With the appropriate initial age, our plant generally starts breeding when the body weight is more than 120kg at 8 months of age. However, it is not appropriate for the boar to be used too late, which is not only economically uneconomical, but also makes the boar disturbed, affects sexual desire, is not conducive to normal development, and even causes masturbation and other evils.

3.2 Initial training for boars Since boars grow up in isolation, they often do not have the opportunity to learn how to crawl and mate with sows. If you encounter a sow with poor estrus or place it with many sows, you may lose the courage to mate again if there are several unsuccessful attempts. Therefore, for the first breeding of young boars, an experienced breeder is required to ensure successful mating. The first mating should select the small sows, and the heat is very good, do not rush to hold the penis after the boar cross, wait for the penis several test unfinished, and then assist in mating by hand to prevent boars are not used to retreat Down. For boars with sexual desires that do not climb, gently massage the penis by hand, and assist them in climbing for mating when emotions are high.

3.3 The use of boar boar rational use according to species, age, physical fitness, try to use young boar breeding. The boars over 1.5 years old can be planted 4 to 5 times a week, the boars aged 2 to 5 years can be allocated 5 to 6 times a week, and the boars can be rested for 2 to 3 days after the breeding is completed, and the boars can be reared; Use a card. Breeding and using interval: The young boar recuperates for 2 days, the young boar recuperates for 3 days, and all the boars have more days of recuperation than the breeding times. The number of rest days for healthy boars must not exceed 2 weeks in order to avoid reproductive problems. After the boars have not been used for a long time, the compounding must be strengthened. For boars with poor sexual performance, prostaglandins can be used to promote libido. Intramuscular injection of 175 μg of chloroprostaglandol can increase mating behavior within 10 min, and the boar normally crawls and ejaculates. However, during the hot summer months, injections of prostaglandins can cause boar overheating, which is strictly prohibited during this season. Older boars should be eliminated in time. The main objective of the management of boars is to improve the breeding ability of boars so that boar bred will be robust, body condition is not fat, skinny, energetic, maintains strong sexual desire, and the quality of semen is good, and the fertility rate of breeding boars will be improved.

3.4 Proper mating of pigs to pigs is best done by mating with pigs 1 h before early feeding and late feeding. It is best to stay away from the boar so as not to cause other boar unrest. Mate assistance should be given when necessary. When the boar climbs on the sow, the tail of the sow must be pulled out in time to prevent the boar's penis from rubbing on the outside for a long period of time. Injury or in vitro excretion may occur. Keep quiet during mating. Do not shout and whip the boar.

When the size of the male and female pigs does not match when they are mated, the terrain adjustment of the slope should be selected. After mating, gently press the waist with your hand, do not let it bow or immediately lie down, to prevent backflow of semen. Do not bathe and feed immediately after mating.

Boars are livestock that have been repeatedly ejaculated, with a mating time of 15 to 20 minutes at one time, and cumulative ejaculation time of 5 to 6 minutes, resulting in greater physical exertion. Generally do not have to control, let it go back. However, when the breeding quantity is large and concentrated, in order to reduce physical exertion, it is advisable to control the number of ejaculations per mating at two times, so that the sow can be moved forward and the boar can naturally slide down. Boar ejaculation can be judged based on whether the anus is fluctuating.

3.5 boar sports

2d Boars who do not participate in mating should exercise in the stadium 800 to 1000m. This can be done through trials. Exercise and breeding should be done 0.5h after eating.

4, prevent boar premature aging

The boar must have a healthy constitution, good semen and strong sexual function in order to guarantee boar breeding ability and extend the service life. However, due to improper feeding and management, or poor breeding techniques, etc., boars are often subject to early decline.

4.1 Causes of premature aging

4.1.1 Breeding prematurely can cause boar premature aging. For this reason, it is necessary to overcome the early mating and perform mating.

4.1.2 The feed is single, the green feed is too little, the male boar is undernourished or due to excessive breeding, causing the boar to prematurely decline prematurely. For this purpose, quality and reliable premixes, as well as proteins with a full amino acid content, should be used to make full-priced materials, and the number of breeding operations must be strictly controlled.

4.1.3 Insufficient long-term captive movement, or excessive energy feed, results in over-fertilization of the boar, loss of libido, loss of semen quality, and loss of breeding ability. To this end, it is necessary to feed high-quality full-priced feeds to ensure that boars do 4 to 8 km of full-time exercise each day to reduce flooding and maintain strong seeding capacity.

4.1.4 Male and female pigs have malnutrition in the same circle. Due to frequent contact, it not only affects appetite and growth, but also can easily reduce sexual desire and breeding ability and reduce the service life. For this type of boar must be raised in a single circle, keep the environment quiet, free from external stimuli, do not surprise the boar. It is best to make the boar invisible to the sow, to hear the sow and to smell the sow.

4.2 Elimination of boars

The annual elimination rate of boars ranges from 33% to 39%, and is generally used for 2 to 3 years. The principle of eliminating boars is to eliminate boars with low birthing rate and low birth weight; eliminate boars with low libido and poor breeding ability; eliminate pigs with limb and foot disease and having too big boar; Boars; eliminated boars that could not be bred for a long time due to illness; eliminated boars attacking workers; eliminated broilers with a score of more than 4 points. The usage of each boar was counted once a month, including the number of mating sows and the production performance (when it was born with maternal sows), and a report on the elimination of boars was submitted.

5, to do a good boar prevention and control

First of all, according to the characteristics of the factory to develop a reasonable and effective anti-epidemic program, and implemented on time. In particular, it is necessary to do a good job of two vaccinations in the spring and autumn, and pay attention to the quality of the vaccines, and pay attention to the replacement of injection needles. Keep the pens clean and sanitize the pighouses regularly and externally. Always observe the health status of breeding pigs, find the disease, and early diagnosis and treatment.

Pig farmers have heard this saying that “a sow is better than a sow and a boar is a good slope”. In fact, it can also reflect the importance of a boar on a pig farm in one aspect. To improve the production performance of boars, we must start with training, nutrition, use, lower limb and foot disease, and improve the use of life. Of course, it is not good for those with adjusted production performance, and we must eliminate them early!

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