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The Causes and Strategies of Loss of Babies during Breast-feeding
Whether raising rabbits on a large scale or in smaller quantities, there are numerous challenges that lead to high mortality rates among young rabbits, especially during the first 20 days of life. After careful observation and investigation, several key causes of pup loss during the nursing period have been identified. These include inadequate water and fresh grass for mother rabbits after birth, which can cause them to become thirsty and accidentally eat their newborns. In addition, some mothers may not produce enough milk or have poor-quality milk, leading to malnourished pups who fail to thrive. Diseases can also impact the health of the young, reducing their vitality and making them more susceptible to illness. Other factors such as rodent infestations, improperly designed cage floors, sudden stress, freezing, or overheating in summer can also contribute to pup deaths.
To effectively reduce pup mortality and improve the profitability of rabbit farming, it's essential to address these issues at the source. Here are some practical steps to take:
**I. Rabbit Management**
1. **Rabbit Selection**: It’s important to introduce healthy rabbits from reputable breeding sources. Female rabbits should be selected based on their litter size, survival rate, and growth performance. Those with genetic disorders or poor maternal instincts should be excluded from breeding.
2. **Preventive Medication**: To control common diseases like neonatal diarrhea, colibacillosis, and coccidiosis, administer an intramuscular injection of gentamycin combined with kanamycin to pregnant females before or after birth.
3. **Nutrition for Mothers**: After giving birth, female rabbits need increased feed and higher nutritional levels. Providing more green fodder and protein-rich feeds helps support milk production and the health of the young.
**II. Management of Young Rabbits**
1. **Early Milk Intake**: Newborn pups must consume colostrum within the first 6 hours. This early milk is rich in nutrients and immune antibodies that boost the pups' resistance to disease.
2. **Milk Allocation**: If litters are too large, consider cross-fostering or feeding in batches. Ensure each pup gets enough milk—check for a full belly, milky white stomach, and signs of drowsiness and healthy skin color.
3. **Regular Monitoring**: Inspect the nest boxes every two days. In winter, ensure warmth to prevent cold-related deaths, and in summer, provide adequate ventilation and cooling. Replace soiled bedding regularly, and keep the environment clean to avoid contamination and disease spread.
4. **Disease Treatment**: If symptoms like yellow urine, digestive issues, or rickets appear, treat with antibiotics such as gentamicin and kanamycin injections, along with oral medications like norfloxacin or ciprofloxacin. Apply griseofulvin to the mother’s body if fungal infections occur.
5. **Stress Reduction**: Avoid introducing new rabbits into the area to prevent stress and potential aggression from the mother. When cleaning the rabbit house, handle the animals carefully and maintain a clean, cool, and well-ventilated environment at all times.
By implementing these strategies, farmers can significantly improve the survival rate of young rabbits and achieve better economic returns from their rabbit-raising operations.