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How to prevent and treat cotton blind ticks
Cotton aphids are one of the most significant pests affecting cotton crops. These pests, both adults and nymphs, feed on the growing tips, young leaves, buds, and bolls of cotton plants. Their feeding can cause the top buds of seedlings to become scorched and darkened, leading to distorted growth, twisted leaves, and stunted development. In severe cases, young buds and bolls may drop off, which greatly affects the overall growth and yield of the cotton plant.
Aphids are known to exhibit phototactic behavior, meaning they tend to gather in areas with high light exposure. Dense cotton fields provide ideal conditions for their population to increase rapidly. They thrive in warm and humid climates, particularly when temperatures range between 20°C and 30°C, and humidity is above 80%. However, egg hatching is less likely when temperatures fall below 11°C or rise above 35°C. Heavy rainfall during July and August also promotes their infestation. After a rain or irrigation, damage often spikes quickly, especially in fields near green manure or weeds, where aphid populations can be more severe.
To manage cotton aphids effectively, several preventive and control measures can be taken. First, balanced fertilization is crucial. It's recommended to use a combination of organic and chemical fertilizers, including biological and micronutrient-based options. Excessive nitrogen application should be avoided, as it can lead to excessive vegetative growth that attracts aphids. Second, regular field maintenance is important—removing crop residues, dead leaves, and weeds helps reduce their habitat.
Third, when the number of aphids reaches 5%–10% of the plants in the field, or if there are 100 plants with adults or nymphs, it’s time to apply insecticides. A recommended option is to mix 30% acephate EC or 48% chlorpyrifos EC with 20% fenvalerate EC at a dilution ratio of 1:1500–2000. Spraying should be done in the evening to avoid direct sunlight, ensuring thorough coverage from the outer edges toward the center of the field. One application should be repeated every seven days for effective control.