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Pest control in apricot cultivation
The almond bee is a pest that overwinters inside the apricot kernel or on the shoots. Female adults lay eggs between the kernel and the almonds, but the oviposition holes on the fruit surface are not very noticeable. The fruits appear slightly gray-green and soft, sometimes with visible eggs. A small amount of apricot juice may seep from the hole, and the egg stage lasts approximately 10 days. Once hatched, the larvae feed inside the kernel, leading to a significant number of fruit drops. These larvae mature by early June, and they remain in the kernel during winter. Control measures include: 1) picking and removing infested fruits, then destroying them by deep burial or burning to eliminate overwintering larvae; 2) deep plowing (at least 15 cm) to bury the insects, preventing adult emergence, although larvae can still emerge from 3.5 cm depth; 3) burning worm-infested kernels during processing. In early April, spray 90% trichlorfon at 1,000 times dilution when adults begin to emerge.
The peach fruit borer damages fruit through its larvae. After hatching, the larvae bore into the fruit, feeding directly on the core, leaving behind feces that make the fruit bitter and inedible. Control methods include: 1) before winter, sprinkle 50% parathion oil at 2,000 times dilution around the base of the tree, then till the soil; 2) promptly remove and destroy infected fruits; 3) spray 2000 times 50% methyl parathion EC or 1500-2500 times methional when larvae are active; 4) use black-spotted moths or black light traps to control adult populations.
Atelier caterpillars mainly feed on shoot buds and new leaves. When present in large numbers, they can defoliate entire trees, affecting flower bud formation and fruit set for the next season. Prevention strategies include: 1) pruning and burning egg masses during winter; 2) manually removing gregarious larvae from leaves when they first hatch; 3) spraying 50% dichlorvos at 1000 times or 40% dimethoate at 1000 times to kill leaf-feeding larvae.
Isatis leafhoppers damage both adult and nymph stages by sucking sap from stems. During egg-laying in late fall, they use their ovipositor to cut branches, causing discoloration and dehydration. Control measures include: 1) squeezing eggs off young trees with wooden sticks; 2) clearing weeds to reduce intermediate hosts; 3) spraying 50% dichlorvos at 2000 times or 40% fenvalerate at 2000 times when adults and nymphs appear.
Flat moth larvae feed on leaves, initially eating only the underside and leaving the veins intact. As they grow, they consume entire leaves. Control methods include: 1) removing overwintering larvae from under the tree trunk, especially near the root collar; 2) spraying 50% dichlorvos at 800-1000 times or 40% fenvalerate at 2000 times when larvae are active.
Red-necked longhorned beetles have larvae that feed on branch surfaces, potentially killing entire trees in severe cases. Control involves: 1) painting trunks and large branches with a white coating (calcium carbonate: sulfur powder: salt: water = 10:1:0.2:40) before adult emergence to prevent egg-laying; 2) manually killing adults; 3) using wire to remove larvae during feeding.
Apricot gall wasps feed on stems by females or nymphs, causing weakness or death of branches. Control includes: 1) scraping adult females after pods form, before eggs hatch; 2) spraying 0.2% buprofezin lime sulfur or 50% dichlorvos at 1500 times during nymph development.