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Pest control in apricot cultivation
The almond bee is a pest that overwinters inside the apricot kernel or on the shoots. Female adults lay eggs between the kernel and the almonds, and the oviposition holes on the fruit surface are not very noticeable. The fruits appear slightly gray-green, shriveled, and sometimes have visible egg deposits. A small amount of apricot sap may seep out from the holes, and the egg stage lasts about 10 days. Once hatched, the larvae feed inside the kernels, causing significant fruit drop. By early June, they mature and then overwinter in the apricot kernels again. To control this pest: 1) Pick and remove infested fruits from the tree, then burn or deeply bury them to destroy the larvae. 2) Perform deep plowing (at least 15 cm deep) to bury the insects in the soil, preventing adult emergence, although larvae can still emerge from up to 3.5 cm depth. 3) Burn any worm-infested kernels during processing. In early April, spray 90% trichlorfon at 1000 times dilution when adults begin to emerge.
The peach fruit borer larvae damage fruits by boring through the skin and feeding directly into the core, leaving behind frass that makes the fruit bitter and inedible. Control measures include: 1) Before winter, sprinkle 50% parathion oil at 2000 times dilution around the base of the tree, then till the soil. 2) Remove and destroy infected fruits promptly. 3) Spray 2000 times dilution of 50% methyl parathion EC or 1500–2500 times dilution of methidathion when larvae are active. 4) Use black-spotted moths or black light traps to capture adult pests.
The Atelier caterpillar mainly feeds on shoot buds and new leaves. When present in large numbers, it can defoliate entire trees, affecting flower bud formation and fruit set in the following season. Prevention strategies include: 1) Combine winter pruning to cut and burn egg masses. 2) Manually remove gregarious larvae from young leaves when they first hatch. 3) Spray 50% dichlorvos at 1000 times or 40% dimethoate at 1000 times to control leaf-feeding larvae.
Isatis leafhopper: Both adults and nymphs feed on sap, damaging the tree. During egg-laying in late fall, females use their ovipositor to cut stems, leading to blackened and blighted branches, causing water loss in the tree. Control methods: 1) For trees with heavy overwintering eggs, especially saplings, manually squeeze and remove the eggs. 2) Keep fields clean and eliminate intermediate hosts. 3) Spray 50% dichlorvos at 2000 times or 40% fenvalerate at 2000 times when adults or nymphs are present.
Flat moth larvae feed on leaves. Young larvae eat only the underside, leaving the veins intact, while older larvae consume entire leaves. Control includes: 1) Eliminate overwintering insects in the tree’s root area. 2) Spray 50% dichlorvos at 800–1000 times or 40% fenvalerate at 2000 times when larvae are active.
Red-necked longhorned beetle: Larvae feed on branch surfaces, severely affecting growth and potentially killing the trunk. Control measures: 1) Before adults emerge, paint the trunk or large branches with a white coating (calcium carbonate: sulfur powder: salt: water = 10:1:0.2:40) to prevent egg laying. Manually kill adults during the mating period. 2) Use wire to extract larvae when they are feeding.
Apricot ball aphids: These pests suck sap from stems, causing weak growth or dead branches. Control steps: 1) Scrape off female aphids before eggs hatch. 2) Spray 0.2% buprofezin lime sulfur or 50% dichlorvos at 1500 times dilution during nymph development.
By implementing these integrated pest management practices, orchard managers can effectively reduce damage and maintain healthy fruit production. Regular monitoring and timely intervention are key to successful pest control.