Comprehensive management of melon pests

Common melon disease is damping off, wilt, blight, blight, carbon rot, powdery mildew, downy mildew, anthrax, leaf blight, bacterial leaf spot, viral disease, parasitic plant melons When and dodder, parasitic nematodes and physiological diseases (such as sunburn, melon and lack of disease) and so on.
The main insect pests of melon are melons, melon leafhoppers, greenhouse whitefly, beekeeping melons, leaf miners and underground pests, earthworms, golden needles, seed flies, umbilical hernias, and fleas.
In order to ensure the high quality and high yield of melons and realize high benefits, we must strengthen scientific farming and implement the plant protection policy of “prevention first, comprehensive prevention and control”. That is, based on the prevention and control of agriculture, according to the occurrence, development and epidemic of diseases and pests, due to the rational use of chemical, physical, biological, and genetic control measures due to time and place, economic, safe and effective control of pests and diseases. Use a variety of techniques to keep pests below the level that can cause economic losses.
The comprehensive treatment of melon pests and diseases includes a series of technical measures.
1. Selection of disease-resistant and disease-resistant varieties such as disease-resistant queens, red and crispy, fragrant citrus, Jinmianbao, Hongmibao, and noble varieties.
2. Strengthen plant quarantine to prevent the introduction of dangerous insects and weeds such as the Mediterranean fruit fly.
3. Doing a good job in forecasting and forecasting diseases and pests has made pest control work more effective.
4. Agricultural control
(1) Select the soil to choose the deep sandy loam soil with melon.
(2) Rotation should not be repeated with the Cucurbitaceae and Solanaceae crops. It is best to use more than 5 years of crop rotation or rotation of water and dry land to reduce various soil-borne diseases such as blight.
(3) In autumn and winter, the deep melon fields will help eliminate the pathogens and pathogens of overwintering bacteria in the soil, promote decomposition and rot of diseased plant residues, loosen the soil in the coming year, facilitate the formation of land, and refine the melon groove and irrigation drainage ditch.
(4) Apply enough basal fertilizer to produce 12,000 to 15,000 kilograms of high-quality rotten beans per hectare. Fermented cottonseed cakes or bean cakes 750 to 1500 kilograms, and chlorine-phosphorus-potassium compound fertilizer 150 to 225 kilograms.
(5) Select good seeds and seed treatment before sowing. To use good seeds, disinfect the seeds. The methods are: 1 soak seeds in warm water of 55°C for 40 minutes, or soak seeds in 0.1% water of mercury for 10 minutes, or use 40% Formaldehyde is diluted 150 times with water and soaked for 1.5 hours. In order to solve the pathogen of viral disease carried by seeds, 10% trisodium phosphate can be used and soaked for 20 minutes. After the seeds are treated with medicaments, they are rinsed with water and germinated. 2 Seed dressing, boring seed method, using 0.2%-0.3% of the dry weight of seeds Commonly used pesticides, such as seed dressing double, carbendazim, benzene to special, enemy cough, thiophanate-methyl and other seed dressing, boring species. For example, trichlorfon and acephate can be used for controlling underground pests. Sulfuric acid 1000 times liquid dressing. Two kinds of coating agent methylisoprenophos treated melon seeds can prevent soil-borne diseases, species-borne diseases, underground pests, seedling pests, and strong seedlings. 4 Dry and heat-treated melon seedlings in a 68°C incubator for dry heat treatment for 2 or 5 days can eliminate the seed poison and reduce the occurrence of virus diseases, fungal diseases and bacterial diseases.
(6) Grafting Seedlings Suitable varieties of wild melons, gourds, and squashes are selected as rootstocks for grafting.
(7) Reasonable sowing and interplanting for timely planting, reasonable collocation between crops, improved sowing techniques, such as the use of ditching, filming, ridge planting, etc., can play a role in disease prevention and disease avoidance. The interplanting of melons with cotton, wheat and other upright crops will enable us to make full use of the land, improve ventilation and light transmission, and reduce pests and diseases.
(8) Strengthen field management Strengthen post-emergence field management, such as seedling stage, strictly control the amount of irrigation water to prevent lowering of ground temperature, uncovered melon land after rain or water irrigation, and promote root development. During the growing season, it is necessary to prohibit string irrigation and flood irrigation. Tian Wen, if there is accumulated water, should be promptly excluded. According to the characteristics of the species, pruning and squatting should be moderated to avoid creating excessive wounds and reduce the chance of pathogen invasion. Moderate pruning to prevent the melon from burning under strong sunlight. Advocate foliar dressing, such as the application of plant spirits, fulvic acid, increasing production of bacteria, spray Shi Bao, Bi Quan Jian Sheng Su, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, etc., can regulate plant growth and enhance plant disease resistance.
5. Pesticides prevent melon fields from producing “central strains” in the fields. Do not spray pesticides throughout the field to prevent wastage of pesticides, labor, and natural enemies of insecticides. Appropriate use of intragastric agents to spread melon vines and prevent melon locusts and leafhoppers should be controlled by spot spraying. The spread of pests spreads. Melon can not be sprayed with highly toxic pesticides to prevent pesticide contamination of fruits and vegetables. It is advisable to use high-efficiency, low-toxicity, low-residue pesticides that are used interchangeably or mixed.
(1) Fungal Diseases against Wilt, Blight, Phytophthora, Leaf Blight, Downy Mildew, Anthrax, commonly used pesticides include carbendazim, melon, thiophanate-methyl, mancozeb, Metalaxyl manganese zinc, 100 Miao Qing, B-aluminum, anti-virus alum, anthrax Fumei prevention and treatment. The efficacy of triadimefon for powdery mildew is better. For root diseases, the medicinal liquid is generally used to irrigate the vine base and the melon root; in the stem and leaf diseases, the spraying method is used.
(2) Bacterial leaf spot and angular spot were treated with agricultural streptomycin, neomycin, Bordeaux mixture, trimethoprim, and tetrobacter.
(3) Virus disease first eliminates virus-borne insects (such as aphids) and sprays 0.2% potassium dihydrogen phosphate, which can inactivate viruses, enhance plant disease resistance, and can also spray 20% virus A400-500 times liquid. .
(4) Underground pests at the seedling stage can be baited with poison baits, poisoned by dismantling soil, or rooted with pesticides. Use 80% trichlorfon acne or 50% phoxim EC to prepare the bait 1:100 times. The bait uses wheat bran, fresh grass, or fine soil to mix the poisonous soil. After the sun goes down, it spreads around the plants. Can also be used methyl isopropyl phosphorus mixed with wheat bran or cake fertilizer dubbed into poisonous baits, this drug is toxic to humans and animals, please use the product instructions. Or irrigate the roots with 1000 times of the above pesticide.
(5) Pesticides and leaves may be used as insecticides for dimethoate, acephate, or spraying. Or spray resistance against Wei Wei control aphids, or use triclosan, triclosan and other pesticides to control leafhoppers, or dimethoate, acephamide and other pesticides to prevent leaf miners, guarding melons, thrips and other pests.

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