Ginseng fruit breeding and seedling raising technology

There are two ways to propagate seedlings of ginseng: one is seed propagation, that is, sexual reproduction; the other is cutting propagation, that is, vegetative propagation. 1. Seed propagation and seedling cultivation 1. Soil preparation and fertilization: Before planting, conduct land reorganization and hoeing, apply enough base fertilizer, and sterilize to keep the soil moist, and spread a layer of fine sand on the surface. ? 2, seed selection: requires good color, size, shape, full grain, dry and no mildew. ? 3, seed treatment: can be soaked in warm water, drug seed dressing, etc., in order to achieve early emergence, seedling Qi, seedlings strong purpose. The soaked seeds are wrapped in a gauze bag and the appropriate temperature, moisture and air are provided for germination. ? 4, sowing methods: broadcast, drill and on demand. Because of the small seeds of ginseng fruit, sowing methods are often used. Sowing should be uniform, the general species of 57 or 77 (cm). 5. Management after sowing: Spread a layer of fine sand on the surface to cover the seeds. If the temperature is below 12°C, cover the film to keep the soil temperature and soil moisture. If the nursery pods are dry, they should be sprayed with water to facilitate germination and should not be sprayed with large water. After the seedlings are unearthed, the mulching film needs to be removed. In order to avoid the sun exposure, you can build a shade net. During the nursery period, they are usually sprayed once every 10 days or so with low-concentration nitrogen fertilizer, and at the same time, field management is strengthened to prevent and control pests and diseases to ensure the seedlings grow robustly. Second, cutting propagation seedlings Cutting propagation seedlings, is a simple method commonly used in ginseng fruit. That is, take the ginseng fruit stems, cut into cuttings (cuts), inserted in the soil, allow it to take root under the appropriate environmental conditions, independent growth into a robust plant. 1. Selection of cuttings and stems: Selection should be made on the fresh stems with good heredity, high yield, no disease, and no defects, so as to make new roots sprout. The length of the cuttings is preferably 10-14 cm. The cuttings after cutting are inserted in the soil in time, otherwise they should be placed in a dark place or covered with a damp cloth to prevent dehydration. 2. Selection of cutting time: Although ginseng fruit can be cut in all seasons, the survival rate of spring sowing and autumn cutting is high. Cuttings during the day should be carried out after 4:00 pm to increase the survival rate. The suitable temperature for cutting can be performed within the range of 15-30°C. 3, cutting method: Before cutting, in order to improve the survival rate, can use growth hormone soaking cuttings. When the cuttings are inserted, the cuttings are inserted into the soil, and then the covering soil is pressed tightly so that the cuttings are exposed to the ground about 4-6 cm, the spacing is about 10-15 cm, and the spacing is about 6 cm. After cutting, timely watering, watering amount can be determined according to the specific circumstances. 4. Post-cutting management: In late spring and summer autumn cuttings, shades should be shaved and small water should be sprayed to prevent sun exposure. After the new roots are established, the shade tools can be removed. If cuttings are cut during the winter or when the temperature is low, in order to prevent freezing damage, it should be carried out in a greenhouse or a plastic greenhouse, and covered with plastic film and straw curtains with small arches. After the rooting of the seedlings, the decomposed human fecal urine water may be applied to promote the emergence of new roots. In the case of suitable external environmental conditions, colonization or seedling transplantation can be carried out about 20-30 days after cutting.

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