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2 seed preparation. Chicory seeds have a weight of 1.2 to 1.5 grams. Softening white chicory seed germination rate should be more than 80%, 150 grams of seed for direct seeding, 30 grams for seedlings. The age of germination of the chicory seed is approximately 8 years under normal conditions.
3 Soil preparation, fertilization, and hoeing. Cultivating ideal roots is the key to high yields and quality. It is advisable to choose a loam or sandy loam where the plough layer is deep. According to the conditions of the land, 45,000 to 75,000 kilograms of organic manure per hectare and 750 kilograms of long-acting compound fertilizer are used. After fertilization, the land is flattened to make the north-south direction 80 cm wide (ditch The height of the ditch is about 15 cm. Pay attention to the application of decomposed organic fertilizer, otherwise, it is easy to produce earthworms, endanger the roots, and to prevent serious planting or prevention.
4 sowing. Chicory should be broadcast live, seedlings transplanting easy to form curved roots or roots. However, the amount of seed used for live broadcasting has greatly increased, otherwise it is prone to lack of seedlings and ridges. Curved roots and fork roots have little effect on the quality of softening yields, but they are not easy to operate when softened. Select the visible seed source. Plug seedlings can be used to determine the germination rate in advance, and the seed amount can be determined according to the germination rate and field seedling density. Live seedlings should be planted in 3 to 5 times the amount of seedlings for seeding, seeding or seedlings can be planted in open channels, covering soil 0.5 to 1.0 cm (similar to cabbage seeding), watering after repression, 3 to 4 days Emergence.
5 sowing seedlings. The Beijing area is suitable for cultivation in the autumn, and it is easy to twitch in the spring and cannot form good roots. Live broadcasts should be planted around July 10, and nursery people can advance 2 to 3 days. The sowing time is in the hottest season in Beijing. Therefore, management must be strengthened after sowing, especially the management of water. Watering not only provides water, but also improves the microclimate in the field. Watering should be carried out depending on the weather conditions. The weather is hot. The sun should be filled with water every day. It is better to use spray irrigation to make up water. After the seedlings are flushed, the roots have been tied down and the watering can be slightly relaxed.
6 colonization and density of seedlings. Seedling cultivation can be planted in early August. 80 cm wide sorghum is planted in two rows, with a wide and narrow row. The ridge is at a distance of 30 cm and the spacing is 15 cm. The number of seedlings per hectare is 150,000. After two seedlings are broadcast live, the selection is good and bad. The number of young plants is the same as above.
7 Dingmiao management.
Early period: The weather is still hot in early August, and water management should be strengthened. In this period, nitrogen fertilizer can be applied twice to promote plant growth.
Mid-term: Sunny weather in September, suitable climate, it is the vigorous growth period of chicory, the ground and underground are growing vigorously. Watering to keep the soil moist is preferred. Mid-stage application of compound fertilizer should be performed at a rate of 300-450 kg per hectare, and cultivating in the trenches.
Late: In October, the weather gradually cools. In early October, the roots and leaves have basically formed and watering should be controlled. In addition to pouring water 1 or 2 times in the early days, no watering is needed in the middle or late. The spraying of potassium dihydrogen phosphate twice in the leaves promotes the nutrients to run to the roots, so that the dry matter in the roots increases and the water content decreases, so that the next stage of storage and softening cultivation can be facilitated.
8 plants were harvested. In Beijing, roots can be harvested at the end of October and early November. When removing the roots, use shovels to dig out the roots as much as possible. Do not leave the roots in the soil (the roots left in the soil will sprout the next year and will form difficult-to-eat weeds). Dry weather for 2 to 3 days, and then in the field like a wolfberry cabbage into a round pile, root, leaves out. In this way, more time can be placed in the field, leaving time for organizing the roots. It should be noted that it is important not to freeze the roots, and the roots that cause frost damage will decay when softened. When finishing the upper part of the root, leave 4-6 cm leaves to cut off with a knife. If it stays too long, it will rot when stored, and it will be too short, which will easily injure the growing point and will not form a commercial bud. The external yellow leaves and rotten leaves were removed and placed in a 0 to 1°C bank or in a pit for storage. The softening cultivation of chicory was carried out in batches. Combined with the root storage, the supply period of chicory was greatly extended. The root of the standard chicory should be straight, without fork roots, 3 to 5 cm in diameter, weighing about 99 to 127 grams, with a root thicker than 5 cm, and easy to form lateral buds.
10-hydroxycamptothecin
7-Ethylcamptothecin
7-Ethyl-10-hydroxycamptothecin(SN-38)
Camptothecin
Field cultivation technology of softening chicory
1 species selection. At present, the varieties of softened chicory in China are relatively backward compared to foreign countries, and there are few domestic varieties, and the price is cheap. In the absence of high-quality cultivation, domestic varieties can be selected. Foreign varieties have high prices and many varieties, but the characteristics of different varieties are different. If they are new varieties, they need to be successfully planted after successful trial production.