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Warming winter rapeseed management must do "four defenses"
Since the start of winter, many regions have experienced temperatures slightly above the average for this time of year. These years are commonly referred to as "warm winters." While a warm winter can benefit rapeseed growth by promoting vegetative development and helping establish a strong seedling structure, it also brings some challenges. The main issues include early bolting, increased pest activity, and nutrient depletion, which require careful management to ensure a good harvest.
One major concern is the risk of early flowering due to sustained high temperatures. Some rapeseed varieties with short growing cycles and early sowing may flower too soon, making them vulnerable to sudden temperature drops that could cause frost damage. Additionally, pests such as aphids and cabbage caterpillars tend to thrive in warmer conditions, leading to leaf curling and even viral diseases. To manage these pests, timely pesticide application is essential. For example, if there are more than 500 aphids per plant or 20 aphids per field, spraying should be done immediately. Using appropriate insecticides like 70% chlorpyrifos or 40% dimethoate at the right concentration can help control infestations effectively.
Another challenge is the occurrence of premature bolting, where the plants grow too quickly and start flowering before they're ready. This can lead to reduced yield and poor pollination. To address this, farmers can practice early picking of the bolting shoots, which encourages branching and increases the number of pods. Cultivating the soil around the plants can also help by reducing nutrient uptake and slowing down growth. Applying additional nitrogen fertilizer to weak plants can further support their development and delay flowering.
Freezing damage is another issue to watch out for. Farmers should prepare by deep plowing after the Spring Festival, ensuring roots are well-covered and protected from cold. Increasing phosphorus and potassium fertilizers can improve the plant's cold resistance. Watering before a freeze or using ash or manure on the leaves can also help reduce damage. Removing any frozen leaves promptly and applying nutrients afterward will aid recovery.
Lastly, disease prevention is crucial. Removing yellow and old basal leaves improves air circulation and reduces the spread of pathogens. This practice not only helps maintain plant health but also enhances the quality of the final harvest. By implementing these four key strategies—pest control, managing early flowering, preventing freezing, and controlling diseases—farmers can better protect their rapeseed crops during warm winters.