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The breeding mode and key technology of lotus fish
The lotus and fish farming system involves cultivating both lotus plants and fish in the same water body, creating a mutually beneficial environment that enhances productivity. This integrated approach helps manage weeds, pests, and soil quality, making it more efficient than traditional lotus monoculture. In Lintian, aquatic plants, insects, and small organisms compete for nutrients and light, which can hinder lotus growth. However, these organisms serve as natural food for fish, helping to maintain a balanced ecosystem.
Fish farming within lotus fields not only controls weed growth but also reduces pest infestations. Additionally, fish contribute to soil improvement by reducing bulk density, increasing porosity, and enhancing fertility. As a result, this symbiotic system proves more effective than growing lotus alone.
First, the design of the symbiotic project uses a "back" shaped layout, where ditches are dug around the lotus field. The ditch is 2.5 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep, with a 1.5-meter-high embankment outside. A 3-meter-wide path leads into the field, forming a "back" shape. The ditch covers about 10% of the total area. This setup ensures stable water levels, which supports fish growth and protects lotus from storm damage. Under this system, lotus yield reaches 103.57 kg per mu, with an output value of approximately 2,700 yuan—over 1,000 yuan higher than paddy field cultivation under similar conditions.
Second, species selection is crucial. Fish such as carp, silver carp, grass carp, and others are introduced in specific proportions: 60% carp, 20% silver carp, 15% grass carp, and 5% other species like catfish and tilapia. Herbivorous fish should be carefully controlled to avoid damaging the lotus roots. For lotus varieties, late-maturing types like "Bao Yingmei Red" and "Suzhou Slow Charge" are preferred.
Third, fry stocking, planting, feeding, and fertilization follow specific guidelines. Fry are released after the pond has been prepared for two weeks, typically between mid-March and mid-April. Fry size ranges from 30–50 grams per fish, with quantities adjusted based on feed availability. Lotus roots are planted from March to May at a slightly lower rate than conventional methods, around 200 kg per mu. Fish feeding relies on natural food sources like aquatic plants and insects, with supplementary feed added when needed. Fertilization is done in two stages, with reduced top-dressing to protect fish.
Finally, water level management is key. One week before planting, the pond is filled with 5 cm of water, and the fish ditch is kept separate from the lotus field. After transplanting, the water level is maintained at 3–6 cm until floating leaves appear, allowing fish to feed. During hot summer months, the water depth should be at least 40 cm, with regular water changes every 3–4 days to maintain optimal conditions.