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The breeding mode and key technology of lotus fish
The lotus and fish rearing system involves cultivating both lotus plants and fish in the same water body, creating a symbiotic relationship that enhances productivity and sustainability. This integrated approach not only improves yield but also promotes ecological balance. In lotus fields, various aquatic plants, insects, and small organisms compete for nutrients and sunlight, which can hinder lotus growth. However, these organisms serve as natural food sources for fish. By integrating fish farming into lotus fields, farmers can naturally control weeds and pests, while the fish also help improve soil structure by reducing soil compaction and increasing porosity, ultimately enhancing soil fertility. As a result, this system proves more efficient than traditional lotus monoculture.
First, the design of the symbiotic project follows a "back" shape layout, where ditches are dug around the lotus field. The ditch is 2.5 meters wide and 1.5 meters deep, with a 1.5-meter-high embankment on the outside. A 3-meter-wide path is left for access to the field, forming a "back" shaped structure. The ditch area makes up about 10% of the total land area. This setup ensures stable water levels in the ditch, supporting fish growth while protecting the lotus from storm damage. Under this system, the average yield of lotus (Suzhou Slow Load variety) reaches 103.57 kg per mu, with an output value of approximately 2,700 yuan per mu—more than 1,000 yuan higher than conventional paddy field cultivation.
Second, species selection plays a key role. For fish, a mix of carp, grass carp, and other species is typically used, with 60% carp, 20% silver carp, 15% grass carp, and 5% other species like catfish. Herbivorous fish numbers must be controlled to avoid damaging the lotus roots. For lotus varieties, late-maturing types such as "Bao Yingmei Red" or "Suzhou Slow Charge" are recommended.
Third, fry stocking, planting, feeding, and fertilization require careful planning. Fry should be introduced after the ditches are excavated and sterilized for about two weeks, usually between mid-March and mid-April. Fry size ranges from 30-50 grams, with quantities adjusted based on feed availability. Fish like carp and catfish are stocked at 300–500 and 100–200 tails per mu, respectively, without exceeding 50 kg per mu. Lotus roots are planted between March and May, using slightly less seed than normal—about 200 kg per mu. Planting locations should be near the inner ridge, with buds facing upward and spaced over one meter apart.
Feeding fish primarily relies on natural food sources like aquatic plants and insects. If needed, supplemental feed is introduced from late March, accounting for 10–20% of the total fish biomass. Fertilization should be done early and in small amounts. Organic fertilizer (2,500 kg) and urea (30 kg) are applied during land preparation, with topdressing reduced by 50% compared to standard practices. To protect the fish, fertilizers are alternately applied on different sides, allowing a 1–2 day gap for fish to adjust.
Finally, water level management is crucial. One week before planting, the pond is filled with 5 cm of water, and the fish ditch is separated from the lotus field. After planting, the water level is kept at 3–6 cm until the lotus develops floating leaves, encouraging fish to forage. During hot summer months (August–September), the water level should be maintained at 40 cm or higher, with water changes every 3–4 days to maintain quality.