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Prevention of apple water heart disease
Apple water core disease, also known as saccharification disease, is a physiological disorder that affects fruit quality. In the Weibei dryland fruit region, varieties such as Fuji, Weilai, and Marshal are particularly vulnerable to this condition. The disease leads to a decline in fruit quality, making them unsuitable for long-term storage and reducing their market value.
The symptoms typically appear in the core of the fruit or on its surface. In some cases, the fruit skin becomes translucent with a waxy appearance, while the internal cells are filled with sugary and watery substances. The affected areas may become hard and glassy, or show irregular spots. Affected fruits often have a distinct sweet taste, and lesions are commonly found near the top of the fruit or around the stem end.
This disease is primarily caused by an imbalance of sugars, calcium, and nitrogen within the fruit. Other contributing factors include delayed harvesting, early fruiting, excessive exposure to sunlight, and sunburn. Fruits grown in regions with large day-night temperature differences during the maturation period are more likely to develop the condition. Larger fruits tend to be more susceptible than smaller ones. High-nitrogen and low-calcium fertilization can significantly increase the risk of water core disease. Additionally, different apple varieties exhibit varying levels of resistance to the condition.
To prevent and manage this issue, it's essential to implement proper orchard management practices. This includes using organic, inorganic, and bio-fertilizers like Longfei Three-Yuan, following a balanced fertilization plan, and avoiding overuse of ammonium-based nitrogen fertilizers. Pruning, fruit thinning, and maintaining an optimal leaf-to-fruit ratio are also important strategies.
Nutrient supplementation through foliar sprays such as Stadkop combined with calcium lactate can help improve fruit health. These methods have been proven effective through practical application, offering a reliable solution to reduce the occurrence of water core disease and maintain high-quality fruit production.