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High temperature and rainy season guard against necrotic dermatitis
As the summer rainy season approaches, temperatures are gradually rising, with maximum temperatures often exceeding 30°C in most regions. Increased humidity creates an ideal environment for the spread of various diseases, including necrotizing dermatitis in piglets. This condition requires careful attention and preventive measures to avoid outbreaks.
Necrotizing dermatitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by *Staphylococcus* bacteria, which leads to necrosis of the skin’s surface. It commonly occurs during hot, humid seasons when the environment is favorable for bacterial growth. These bacteria are naturally found in soil, marshes, stagnant water, and sludge pits. They can be introduced into pig farms through contaminated tools, staff, or dust from outside. If proper disinfection is not maintained, especially after emptying pens, the bacteria can persist and infect pigs when their skin or mucous membranes are damaged—such as from fighting, biting, or injuries caused by sharp objects.
The disease typically affects young pigs, particularly suckling piglets. Lesions usually appear on the head, face, neck, body sides, and buttocks. The condition starts with blister-like rashes that may progress to ulcers and form gray-yellow, gray-brown, or black scabs. Underneath these scabs, there may be purulent ulcers, and severely affected pigs may appear hunched, resembling a hedgehog. Affected pigs often show no signs of itching but may lose appetite, have elevated body temperature, and eventually die due to systemic failure if left untreated.
Prevention is key to controlling this disease. Here are some effective strategies:
1. Improve feeding and management practices by regularly inspecting and smoothing sharp protrusions on fences and floors. Keep the pigpen clean and dry to reduce bacterial growth.
2. Trim the teeth of newborn piglets to match the gumline and smooth them. Apply 2.5%-5% iodine solution or amoxicillin powder to prevent infection.
3. Disinfect the pig farm, its surroundings, and equipment at least twice a week using appropriate disinfectants.
4. Provide toys or hanging items such as empty bottles, feed bags, or chains in farrowing or nursery areas to distract pigs and reduce aggressive behavior, thereby minimizing bites and injuries.
If the disease does occur, prompt action is essential:
1. Isolate infected pigs immediately and thoroughly disinfect the affected area using a compound iodine solution or disinfectant. Do this twice daily for over a week.
2. Clean the wound by removing necrotic tissue and washing it with 1% potassium permanganate or 3% hydrogen peroxide once a day. Then apply treatments like 5%-10% formalin oil, a mixture of potassium permanganate and charcoal powder, or a paste made from rhubarb and lime. You can also use soybean oil or vegetable oil infused with medicinal herbs.
3. In the early stages, inject dexamethasone along with penicillin, streptomycin, or vitamin C (avoid combining vitamin C with others). Alternatively, use dexamethasone with amoxicillin, fluconazole, oxytetracycline, or enrofloxacin. For advanced cases, treat with a 1:4 formalin solution.
By implementing these preventive and treatment measures, farmers can significantly reduce the occurrence and impact of necrotizing dermatitis in their pig herds. Regular monitoring and hygiene are crucial to maintaining a healthy and productive farm environment.