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How to look at hunger
It's normal for fish to eat within 3 hours after a feeding session, depending on how long the feeding lasted. If they finish their food in less than 2 hours, it may indicate that the portion was too small, and some fish might not have eaten enough. In this case, you should increase the amount of food slightly. On the other hand, if the fish take up to 4 hours to finish their meal and then leave the feeding area, it usually means there is sufficient food available. In such cases, you can reduce the next feeding amount slightly to avoid overfeeding.
After feeding, healthy fish typically sink to the bottom of the tank or pond. However, if they are seen swimming near the surface, especially if they are constantly moving or gathering in groups, this could be a sign of hunger. This behavior is more common in fry or fingerlings, and if left unaddressed, it can lead to aggressive competition for food—sometimes even "food aggression." If ignored, this can result in significant mortality due to starvation or stress.
Additionally, monitoring water quality is essential, especially for filter-feeding species like mussels or clams that rely on plankton. If the water appears too clear or lacks nutrients, it may not support enough plankton for the fish. In such cases, you can apply fertilization techniques to boost plankton growth. Conversely, if the water becomes too cloudy or shows signs of poor quality, it’s important to change the water and increase aeration to improve oxygen levels. In severe cases, removing excess zooplankton might help restore balance and promote healthier fish growth.