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High temperature and rainy season guard against necrotic dermatitis
As the summer rainy season approaches, temperatures are gradually rising, with maximum temperatures often exceeding 30°C in most regions. Increased humidity creates favorable conditions for the spread of various diseases, including necrotizing dermatitis in piglets. This condition requires close attention and effective prevention measures to avoid outbreaks.
Necrotizing dermatitis is a chronic infectious disease caused by *Staphylococcus* bacteria, which leads to necrosis and ulceration of the skin and subcutaneous tissues. It commonly occurs during hot, humid seasons when environmental conditions promote bacterial growth. The bacteria are widespread in nature, found in soil, marshes, stagnant water, and sludge ponds. They can be introduced into pig farms through staff, equipment, or dust from outside sources. If proper disinfection is not maintained, especially in empty pens, the bacteria can persist and infect pigs when their skin or mucous membranes are damaged—such as from biting between piglets or injuries caused by sharp objects.
This disease typically affects young pigs, particularly suckling and weaned piglets. Lesions usually appear on the head, face, neck, sides of the body, and buttocks. The condition often begins on the head and spreads to the back. Initially, small blisters form, and some may progress deeper into the muscle layer. Once the blisters rupture, they develop into gray-yellow, gray-brown, or black scabs. Underneath, there may be purulent ulcers. Severely affected pigs may appear swollen and take on a hedgehog-like appearance. Affected animals generally do not show signs of itching but may lose appetite, have elevated temperatures, and eventually die due to severe complications.
To prevent this disease, it's essential to implement regular management practices. First, maintain clean and dry environments by regularly inspecting and smoothing out sharp objects in pens and floors. Second, ensure that newborn piglets' teeth are properly trimmed and smoothed, and apply antiseptic solutions like 2.5%-5% iodine or amoxicillin powder to the cut areas. Third, disinfect pig houses, surroundings, and equipment at least twice a week using appropriate disinfectants. Additionally, hang items such as empty bottles, feed bags, or chains in pens to distract pigs and reduce fighting, which can lead to injuries and infections.
If the disease does occur, immediate action is crucial. Affected pigs should be isolated, and the area should be thoroughly disinfected with compound iodine or other disinfectant solutions twice daily for over a week. For wounds, remove necrotic tissue, then clean with 1% potassium permanganate or 3% hydrogen peroxide once a day. Treatments include applying 5%-10% formalin oil, mixing potassium permanganate and charcoal powder, or using a rhubarb-lime mixture. Alternatively, soybean oil infused with medicinal herbs or a paste made from realgar, lime, and tung oil can be used. In the early stages, injectable treatments like dexamethasone combined with penicillin, streptomycin, or vitamin C may help, while later stages may require formalin solutions for cleaning. Always consult a veterinarian for accurate diagnosis and treatment plans.