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Egg breeders are also highly productive in summer
In general, high summer temperatures can significantly impact the productivity of laying hens. However, with proper feeding and management strategies, hens can maintain high egg production even during hot weather. The following measures are essential to ensure their well-being and performance:
**Summer Cooling**
Laying hens have a high metabolic rate, thick feathers, and no sweat glands, so they rely mainly on panting and drinking to regulate body temperature. When the temperature in the coop becomes too high, heat dissipation is impaired, leading to increased respiration, higher water intake, and reduced feed consumption. Over time, this results in lower egg production and smaller egg size. To prevent heat stress, it's crucial to provide shade and cooling systems, especially during midday when sunlight is strongest. Proper ventilation is also important, particularly in multi-tier caged housing systems.
**Reduced Stocking Density**
Overcrowding increases heat stress and competition for resources. For caged hens, a recommended space of 0.4 square meters per cage with three hens per cage is ideal. For free-range or floor-housed hens, a density of three eggs per square meter or four hens per group is appropriate to reduce stress and improve comfort.
**Rational Feeding Schedule**
During the hottest parts of the day, hens tend to eat less. Therefore, feeding should be concentrated in the cooler morning and evening hours. For free-range hens, allowing them to go outside in the early morning and returning them to the coop at sunset helps manage their activity levels and feeding patterns.
**Enhanced Nutritional Support**
As temperatures rise, hens consume less feed, which reduces their intake of protein and other essential nutrients. This directly affects egg production. To counteract this, it’s important to provide a high-protein diet, supplement with key amino acids like methionine and lysine, and increase energy content. Adding 1% to 3% vegetable fat can help boost energy levels. Additionally, calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin levels should be increased by 5% to 10%, depending on the reduction in feed intake.
**Clean and Abundant Water Supply**
Eggs contain about 75% moisture, so hens require a significant amount of water, especially in summer. Their daily water intake ranges from 95 ml to 320 ml, and in hot weather, this can increase up to 3 to 4 times that of winter. It’s essential to provide clean, cool water continuously and ensure there are enough drinkers available to meet the demand.
**Disease Prevention and Control**
Summer is a peak season for diseases such as coccidiosis and avian typhoid. Regular deworming and the use of potassium permanganate (at a concentration of 1:1000) every 3 to 5 days can help prevent intestinal issues. Natural antibacterial additives like garlic (1–2%) and raw gypsum (0.3%) can also be added to the feed to support immunity, reduce inflammation, and alleviate heat stress. These practices contribute to better health and sustained productivity in laying hens during the summer months.