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**Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. – Common Name: Star Grass or Embroidered Grass**
Eragrostis pilosa, commonly known as star grass or embroidered grass, is an annual grass species found throughout the country. It is a widespread weed that causes significant damage to crops such as cotton, soybeans, fruit trees, and vegetables. Its ability to thrive in various environments makes it a persistent challenge for farmers.
**Morphological Characteristics**
This plant typically grows in tufts, with smooth or hairy leaf sheaths. The leaf sheaths have a prominent ridge, and the leaves are narrow with a ligule that features a ring of short, fine hairs. The panicles are slightly branched and covered with fine hairs between the branches. The spikelets are oblong in shape and contain 3 to 14 flowers. The caryopsis (the fruit) is elongated, yellow-brown in color, measuring approximately 7–8 mm in length and 4–5 mm in width.
**Ecological Features**
Eragrostis pilosa prefers moist and fertile soils. Despite its small seed size, it produces a large number of seeds, which are easily dispersed by wind. These seeds often mix with dryland crops or cotton fields, making them difficult to control. In Henan Province, the plant emerges as early as mid-May, with the first peak occurring in late May. By June through October, the entire plant withers. In Shanghai, the seeds mature from July to October, and those produced in July can still germinate from September to October. Seeds maturing after October tend to enter dormancy and emerge in mid to late April, peaking in mid to late May. A second peak occurs in September. In Heilongjiang, the first emergence happens in mid to early May, with a second batch appearing in mid to early July. Flowering takes place in mid to early August.
This grass is highly adaptable and has a strong reproductive potential, making it a challenging weed to manage in agricultural systems. Understanding its life cycle and growth patterns is essential for effective control strategies.