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**Eragrostis pilosa (L.) Beauv. – An Annual Grass Weed**
Eragrostis pilosa, commonly known as star grass or embroidered grass, is an annual grass that can be found throughout the country. It is a common weed that causes damage to various crops such as cotton, soybeans, fruit trees, and vegetables. This weed thrives in moist and fertile soils, making it particularly problematic in agricultural fields.
Morphologically, Eragrostis pilosa has tufted growth with smooth or hairy leaf sheaths. The leaves are narrow, with a ligule that features a ring of short, fine hairs. Its panicles are slightly branched and covered with fine hairs between the branches. The spikelets are oblong in shape, containing 3 to 14 flowers. The caryopsis (fruit) is elongated, yellow-brown in color, measuring about 7–8 mm in length and 4–5 mm in width.
Ecologically, this species prefers moist and nutrient-rich environments. Although its seeds are small, they are produced in large quantities and are easily dispersed by wind. They often mix with crops in dryland farming systems, especially in cotton fields. In Henan Province, the plant emerges as early as May, with the first peak occurring in late May. The entire plant typically dies off from June to October. In the Shanghai area, the seeds mature between July and October. Seeds that mature in July may still germinate from September to October, while those maturing after October enter dormancy. These seeds usually emerge in mid to late April, peaking in mid to late May. A second peak occurs in September. In Heilongjiang, the first flush appears in mid to early May, with a second emergence in mid to early July, and flowering taking place in mid to early August.
Understanding the life cycle and growth habits of Eragrostis pilosa is essential for effective weed management in agricultural settings. Its ability to produce numerous seeds and adapt to different environmental conditions makes it a persistent challenge for farmers. Proper timing of control measures, such as cultivation or herbicide application, is crucial to reducing its impact on crop yield and quality.