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(1) Preparation of cottonseed hull culture medium: Cottonseed hull or waste cotton lumps are used as the main raw materials for cultivation. The preparation method is more troublesome. Because cottonseed hulls and waste cotton swabs are not easy to absorb water, it is also necessary to add water in advance to pre-wet before production. Method is: Weigh quantitative cottonseed husk or waste cotton group, first spread out into a round shape, the middle thin, less material; around the thick, more material. Accurately weigh 1.5 times the tap water of the cottonseed shell material slowly into the cotton seed husk, while using a shovel to add water and mix well. It should be noted here that the addition of a fixed amount of water is very important, because the cotton seed husk and the waste cotton wadding have poor water absorption properties, and it is difficult to evenly mix and whittle over many times. After adding the water in proportion, it can be turned by a mixer or manually. Quantitative forever through a long period of pre-wetting, slowly flowing into the interior of the cottonseed husk, it is not easy to appear too much or too little water. In addition, waste cotton groups are more difficult to absorb water than cottonseed hulls, so they are generally soaked in water tanks and then squeezed with a squeezer. The water content is controlled at about 1.5 times. After the pre-wetting, the cottonseed hull or waste cotton lump is piled up into a hill and covered with a film, so that the water is gradually sucked into the cotton seed hull.
In the natural season, the mushroom is cultivated and the bag making time is arranged in autumn. The temperature has gradually decreased, especially at night. It is usually pre-wet in the evening and is used the next morning. After the cottonseed husks are pre-wetted, the sifted and sifted swarf or bagasse, bran, and calcium carbonate are weighed and mixed thoroughly. The ratio of feed to water is then 1:1.5 times. (If using dry bagasse, the amount of water in the bagasse part needs to be 1: The proportion of 2) is the amount of water, and 1% of the sugar or brown sugar is dissolved in water, and then slowly added to the material, turning the material 2 to 3 times. Finally, the previously pre-wetted cotton seed hulls, and the mixed wood bran and other materials are mixed and mixed evenly. At present, the conditional area has purchased the mixing machine. When the operation is completed, the cotton seed husk (pre-wet first) and the wood bran and other bran are put into the mixer for 2 to 3 minutes. Not only improve efficiency, reduce labor intensity, but also mix evenly with better results.
If too much water is added to the mix, the only way to deal with it is to calculate the amount of dry husks, sawdust, and bran that should be added based on the amount of excess water. Otherwise, the water content is too much, sterilization is not easy and thorough, bacteria often breed, mycelium can not grow normally, showing wavy. Similarly, if the medium is found to be dry and the amount of water is not sufficient, quantitative water must be added in time and then mixed several times. When the water content is too low, the culture medium is dry and the mycelium growth is not normal, which is mainly affecting the yield of the mushroom. Flammulina Mushrooms cannot spray water on mushrooms during the growth process. This is also different from common mushrooms. Therefore, when formulating the medium, accurate water addition is a critical and sloppy problem.
At the same time, care must be taken to determine the pH of the water in advance before the medium is formulated. Golden needle suitable for acidic media, pH 6 ~ 6.5 or so is most suitable for the growth of mushroom. In some areas of our country, there is a lack of tap water and the use of local well water or river water mix. Saline-alkaline soils have pH values ​​above 8.0 and do not suit the growth of Mushrooms. In the rural areas in the north of China, there have been tens of thousands of bags of E. velutipes that failed to produce mushrooms normally. The cause of the inspection was actually caused by the high pH of the water. Similarly, in the medium can not be arbitrarily added lime, some growers add waste in the medium, in order to increase the seed production success rate, blindly add 5% to 8% of the lime, the results of the pH of the medium up to 8.0 or more, not only The growth of mycelia is not good, nor can it produce mushrooms normally. As a result, 10,000 bags of needles are scrapped. These conditions must be brought to the attention of growers.
(2) Preparation of medium such as sawdust (or bagasse): The source of sawdust in most parts of China is hardwood sawdust after being processed and mixed by the sawmill. Therefore, the cultivation of pure needles and bran in the culture medium of the needle mushroom yields low yield. At present, most of the domestic areas almost do not use this medium formulation, because there is no profit or very low efficiency. However, in remote mountain areas lacking resources such as cottonseed husks, it is rich in forest resources, and it can be used loosely and softly. Or in the hot sun under the exposure, while stirring with water, continuous exposure after several days standby, so that the resin or tannins in the wood chips and other toxic substances are lost. After the above treatment, sawdust can improve the water absorption performance and can promote mycelial growth and increase yield.
Sawdust or bagasse must be sifted before mixing, picking out loose wood chips and debris to prevent puncturing the plastic bag. When preparing, according to the predetermined recipe, weigh the raw materials such as wood chips or bagasse, bran, calcium carbonate, etc., and stir well, then add water with a ratio of dry material to water of 1:1.5-2 (dry bagasse material-water ratio 1:2) Put the sugar in the water and dissolve it. Add sugar to the mixture while turning and mix it. Stir it three or four times until it is even.
The introduction of mushroom cultivation
The sources of raw materials for cultivation of Flammulina velutipes in various parts of China are extensive. Now we use cottonseed husk culture medium, wood chips, and bagasse medium as examples to describe their preparation process: