In summer, dairy cows are prone to heat stress, and summers are also a season of various epidemics. Wang Jiaqi, deputy director of the Institute of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Medicine at the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and researcher Wang Jiaqi reminded farmers that summer feeding management should be strengthened to reduce the heat stress of dairy cows and improve dairy cow breeding efficiency. . Reduce solar radiation During the summer season, excessive solar radiation increases the cow's heat load and generates heat stress. If the cows are kept in the barn, under the pergola, under the shade, the solar radiant heat can be reduced by 20% to 30%. The design of cowshed must not only be conducive to winter insulation, but also conducive to ventilation and cooling in summer. Household free-range households can construct simple arbors according to local conditions to ensure that each cow has a shaded area of ​​3.7 to 5.6 square meters. If you use a quail feeding system, do not leave it under the shade of the trees. Do not expose the cow to prolonged exposure to the sun. Strengthen convection ventilation By installing a fan in the cowshed, accelerating the air flow can remove more heat from the cow's body and help reduce heat stress. The fan is installed at a height of 2 meters from the cow's back and a slope of 20 to 30 degrees from the ground. Select the appropriate power (120 to 180 meters per minute for the wind speed above the cattle body). Strengthen the surrounding greenery The greening of the farms and surrounding areas will not only help to purify the air, but also reduce the ambient temperature. The surface temperature of the grass is generally 3 to 6°C lower than bare ground. Setting shower During the summer, the cows can be cooled by showers. The short-term intermittent shower with large water droplets works best. The specific method is to spray large droplets. Each spraying time is 30 seconds. At the same time, the fan is turned on to dry the body surface, taking away body heat is conducive to cooling, and at the same time avoiding the flow of water droplets into the flow. The breast is repeated every 5 minutes and 30 minutes is a cycle. Adjust time Early pre-feeding time, postponement of late-feeding time, and prolonged periods of early feeding and late feeding are all sufficient to provide sufficient diet throughout the summer. During the hot noon, the cows should be kept in the barn or in the pergola with cooling facilities. Reduce the density of dairy cows in the area to be squeezed, speed up milking operations and reduce the time for cows to stay in the milking parlor. Adjust diet nutrition Heat stress in the summer can lead to a decrease in the dry feed intake of dairy cows, and nutrition can be enhanced by increasing the nutrient concentration of the unit diet. Each day, increase the amount of 1 to 2 kilograms of concentrate feed, but the content of dry matter in concentrate diet should not exceed 60%; sodium bicarbonate, potassium chloride, vitamins, etc. can be added in an appropriate amount to supplement trace elements in dairy cows. In addition, hot summer heat causes cows to increase their water requirements, and it is necessary to ensure that cows have sufficient, clean and cool drinking water.
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