Carp is an omnivorous bottom freshwater fish with delicate meat, delicious taste, and high nutritional value. It is one of the important farmed fish species in China, and it is also a common economic fish. It is distributed throughout the country. The artificial breeding technology of squid is simple, the cost is low and the effect is quick, and it is a good project for getting rich. This issue introduces a group of squid breeding techniques for farmers' reference.

1, daily feeding methods

The size of the fish pond is not limited, and the water depth should be 1.2 to 1.5 meters. However, the bait coefficient of large ponds will be high. It is also possible to put batches of different sizes of salmon into batches for easy catching and rotation. Routine management does a good job of “three patrols and four investigations” at the early, middle and late nights to understand the climate, fish conditions, and disease conditions, and to maintain the rapid growth of fish. At the same time, regular water injections are needed to prevent floods and escape work.

In addition to following the eight-character principle of “water, seed, bait, dense, mixed, round, defense, and pipe”, feeding should also meet standards such as “high quality, good material, good water, and fine management”. Feeding materials adhere to the principle of “quadruple” of qualitative, timing, positioning, and quantification, and are fed according to the feeding rhythm of the species. Squid rejoiced in the lower layer of the water, the optimum growth water temperature 25 °C ~ 32 °C, more than 32 °C or less than 15 °C growth slowed down, below 10 °C to stop eating. The appropriate amount of dissolved oxygen is more than 4.5 milligrams per liter. If less than 2 milligrams, eat less, and 1 milligram will stop and float. During the early period of the 25th to 30th day, the fish species were particularly well fed, so the growth was particularly fast and the growth of body weight was fast. Some farmers had a bait rate of more than 10% during this period. The earlier the fry opening, the earlier the growing point is, the better the growth will be. The stable transition should be made as early as possible. Feed should be fed with full-priced compound feeds. It should be based on compound feed, with 30% or more of crude protein, and 4 to 6 daily injections. The bait rate is 3 % to 8%.

2, broodstock breeding selection

The broodstock breeds 1 to 2 mu of ponds, water depth is about 1.2 meters, and it is sheltered from the wind. It is easy to inject and drain, and it is disinfected with raw lime or bleach before stocking. 150-200 kg per acre of stocking, artificial breeding in order to prevent their own mating spawning male and female should be separated. Carp is generally mature at the age of two, and some individuals can also mature at the age of one. Spawning seasons vary from region to region. Spawning can be done in batches. Eggs can be spawned from March to August, and from April to June are rich. The spawning grounds are mostly in shallow water bays or river bays. The eggs are very viscous and firmly adhere to the plants after they are produced. The amount of egg-laying depends on the age and size of the individual and ranges from 15 to 800,000 grains. After the egg is produced, the seedlings can be hatched at a water temperature of 15°C to 20°C for 4 to 6 days.

In the first sexual maturation and senescence period, squid, its fecundity and poor egg quality should not be used as broodstock. The ratio of good body length to body height is 3:1. The adult fish with strong activity and no injury are broodstock. Females are at least 2 years of age, weighing 1.5 kg, and males with 2 kg of winter age should be better than 1 kg. In the non-reproductive season, the female has a wide body, high back, small head, large and soft abdomen, small chest and pelvic fins and a wide circle, cloacal flat or slightly prominent, with radiation folds; the male body is narrow and long, the head is larger, and the abdomen is small and hard The thorax and pelvis are large and sharp, and the anus is slightly concave inwards with no parallel folds. During the reproductive season, the female abdomen is soft and round-cylindrical. The anus and genital hole are larger, slightly red and prominent. The male abdomen is small, and the lid, chest and pelvic fins have obvious secondary sexual characteristics. The anus and genital holes are concave. Inflammation, light pressure on the abdomen with milky white semen.

3, spawning breeding management

Ectopic production of natural spawning and artificial oxytocin two ways. The squid generally lays eggs between 22:00 on the day and 9:00 a.m. on the same day, and lasts for 2 to 3 days. 30 to 35 groups of mature and well-behaved males and females can be added to the new water in a 1:1 to 1.5 pool. Pull 1-8 iron wires on the surface of the water, and artificial fish nests are suspended on the iron wire (or bamboo is broken into two to sandwich them in the water). Usually, 4 to 6 fish nests should be provided for each group of broodstock. Every afternoon, check and clean the fish nests, move the nests with eggs to the hatchery, and replenish the new fish nests. If the eggs are not laid well after the pool, the water level can be lowered to allow the sun to shine, and some vitamin E can be added to the feed, or stimulated with microfluidic water. In order to ensure the uniformity of the fry, the eggs of the same day should be hatched together, which can also prevent the eggs from increasing due to the eggs sticking together.

Artificial spawning is more common in fish farms. For each kilogram of female fish, artificial chorionic membranes promote 600-1000 ml of gonadal hormones or 30-50 micrograms of yellow-releasing hormone analogues, or reduce the amount of male hormones by half. Usually at 18:00 pm on a sunny day, a predetermined dose is injected into the chest cavity at the base of the pectoral fin, and then it is moved into the spawning pool, and fresh water is added for half an hour. After the water temperature is 18° C. and 6-15 hours, the oviposition can occur. Note that the higher the water temperature, the shorter the effect time, and vice versa.

After spawning, broodstock can spawn in the pool itself, in the same manner as natural spawning. If the egg is picked up artificially before the climax of the fish, use a towel to wipe the water off the fish, squeeze the egg into the dry porcelain basin, and quickly squeeze the semen, stir it with feathers, allow it to fully fertilize, and then evenly fertilize the eggs. Smear in the fish nest, hatch into the hatchery. Or use talcum powder solution to dehydrate after running water, water temperature 16 °C ~ 22 °C when 3 to 5 days to emerge.

Naturally hatching 300-500 thousand fertilized eggs per acre pond should be placed on the same day of the eggs to ensure that the fish fry specifications are neat. Special attention should be paid to the prevention of hydromycosis, which can be preceded by a 0.3% formaldehyde or malachite green dip to the nest of eggs.

Detachment hatching should adjust the flow rate of water in a timely manner so that the fish eggs do not sink and float in water, and at the same time prevent the screen from being blocked. There is a slight decrease in the flow rate when the fry is hatched, preventing the water from flowing too fast and the physical consumption of the fry.

During the spawning period, sudden changes in weather, poor water quality, low dissolved oxygen, and egg parasites are all factors that affect the hatching rate. They should try to prevent damage and increase the hatching rate to ensure aquaculture efficiency.

4, strengthen the prevention of diseases

Hemorrhoids disease is more common in mixed fish ponds dominated by white peony roots, and there is no typical onset season, which can occur all year round. The back skin and muscle tissue of the diseased fish are inflamed, and then ulcerated into abscess. The hand feels edema. Inflammation around the abscess, congestion, blister fins into a brush (also known as broom fins), severe inflammation of the intestinal bleeding. The fish species, water bodies and ponds should be thoroughly disinfected; 80 kg of ciprofloxacin per kg of feed should be used for oral administration of baits, and 1 international unit of bleach should be used to disinfect water bodies per acre for 3 days.

The fish on the surface of the pomfret is rough, some of the scales (most of them in the back of the fish) spread outward like a pine ball, so it is called pine ball disease; the translucent or bloody exudate accumulates in the sac, causing the scales to rise. , also known as sickness. With a little pressure on the scales with your fingers, the exudate is sprayed from under the scales and the scales fall off. At the descaling site, red ulcers formed, the eyeballs protruded, and the abdomen swelled, and died 2 to 3 days later. There are two epidemic stages of this disease. One is the oviposition period of salmon, the other is the wintering period of salmon. The mortality rate is 45% and the highest is 85%. Be careful when pulling the net to prevent fish from getting hurt. Deal with fish, water quality, pond disinfection. Each kilogram of feed can be added 50 to 80 milligrams of oxytetracycline or chlortetracycline made of medicinal herbs.

Also known as red turf nematode disease, helminth-infected nymphal nematode disease is more harmful to the adult squid. The worms in winter parasitize under the squamae. They are only small and do not show disease. When the water temperature becomes warmer in the spring, the growth of worms is accelerated. Cause fish disease. The diseased fish scales are loose, and the muscles around the scales are congested, inflamed and ulcerated and can easily cause hydromycosis. Parasitic scales under the parasite showed a red and purple irregular pattern, and the scales showed a red body. Lime can be strictly sterilized to kill larvae. Spill the affected area with iodine spill or 1% potassium permanganate, or dip with 2% saline for 10-20 minutes. Http://

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