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Current Wheat Rape Seedlings and Field Management Ideas
**Agriculture Newsletter Issue No. 1**
**Zaoyang Agricultural Technology Promotion Center**
**January 6th, 2005**
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### **Current Wheat and Rape Seedling Conditions and Field Management Recommendations**
Recently, our technical team conducted field visits to several townships, including Wudian, Xiongji, Nancheng, Qifang, Yangdang, Taiping, Lutou, and Liu Sheng. These surveys focused on the current condition of wheat and rape seedlings in the area.
#### **Wheat Seedlings Overview**
1. **Seedling Density and Quality**:
The overall quality of wheat seedlings has improved compared to last year. The average number of seedlings per acre reached 554,200, an increase of 190,900 from the previous year. The average number of tillers per plant was 1.29, up by 0.37. However, there is a noticeable imbalance: the first and third types of seedlings (those with more than 700,000 or less than 500,000 stems per mu) account for a large portion, while the second type (moderate density) is relatively small. This indicates uneven growth across fields.
2. **Leaf Age and Development Stage**:
The average leaf age of the main stem was 5.7 leaves, which is 0.9 leaves more than the same period last year. The percentage of plants with seven leaves increased by 8.2%, while those with five leaves decreased by 10.9%. The jointing stage was observed in 38.6% of the area, and 63.2% of the fields had entered the young panicle differentiation stage. This is largely due to earlier sowing dates, especially for varieties like Zheng 9023.
3. **Frost Damage**:
Frost damage was widespread, affecting 42.4% of the wheat area. The severity ranged from mild to severe, with 34% of the area suffering from third-level damage. Varieties such as Zheng 9023 and E-mai series were more vulnerable, particularly when sown before October 15. Dry land and thin soils experienced more severe damage than paddy fields and heavy soils. Some fields showed nearly 80% of the ears frozen.
#### **Rape Seedlings Overview**
1. **Overcrowding**:
The planting density in some areas was too high, with some plots reaching 33,400 plants per mu—well above the recommended range of 1.2 to 15,000. This led to competition among plants, resulting in weak growth and poor nutrient absorption.
2. **Balanced Growth**:
Despite the overcrowding, the overall growth of rape seedlings was relatively uniform due to concentrated sowing. The average number of green leaves per plant was 10.4, up by 1.3 from last year. Over 24% of the plants had more than 12 green leaves, indicating good development.
3. **Frost Damage**:
A staggering 98.7% of the rape area suffered from frost damage. Most of the damage was at the third level, with 53.1% of the area affected. Only 4.9% had fourth-level damage.
4. **Bolting**:
Approximately 8.3% of the rape fields had already started bolting, which could reduce yield potential if not managed properly.
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### **Field Management Recommendations**
Given the current conditions, the following measures are recommended:
1. **Topdressing with Winter Fertilizers**:
Apply farmyard manure or other organic fertilizers to help raise soil temperature and prevent further cold damage. For strong, early-planted fields, use coarse fertilizers to control excessive growth. For weak or late-planted seedlings, apply pig manure or human waste along with a small amount of urea (5–10 kg/acre) to promote recovery and balanced growth.
2. **Weeding and Cultivation**:
Regular weeding and soil loosening can improve soil structure, enhance nutrient availability, and reduce weed competition. Deep cultivation (5–6 cm) is recommended to suppress weeds and improve root development. For overgrown fields, consider cutting back part of the root system to balance growth.
3. **Soil Pressing (Cultivation)**:
In winter, pressing the soil helps seal cracks, retain moisture, and protect against freezing. In early spring, it can also prevent the formation of unnecessary tillers and encourage larger panicles. However, care should be taken not to press too hard on weak or thin seedlings to avoid leaf damage.
4. **Drainage and Lodging Prevention**:
For rape crops, proper drainage is essential to prevent lodging. Soil covering can be used in overly vigorous fields to suppress excessive growth and ensure better crop stability.
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By implementing these management strategies, farmers can help mitigate the effects of frost, improve seedling health, and set the stage for a successful harvest. Let’s work together to support our agricultural community during this critical time.