Problems and Countermeasures in the Cultivation of Unicellular Algae

Due to the serious depletion of offshore fishery resources, the natural production of fish and shrimp can no longer meet market demand. As a result, emerging seafood breeding and factory farming have become the leading industries in aquaculture. At the core of this process is the cultivation of live feed, particularly the production of single-cell algae. To ensure successful algae cultivation, it's essential to address key challenges and implement effective measures. Below are some important issues and solutions in the algae cultivation process. First and foremost, it's crucial to purchase high-quality algae strains. When selecting algae, carefully examine the appearance and use a microscope to check for contamination. The algae fluid should be healthy, with no signs of microorganisms, predators, or other contaminants that could hinder growth. Second, preventing algae pollution during the culture process is vital. In the breeding room, bacteria are the main source of contamination. Therefore, strict disinfection procedures must be followed. Daily cleaning and disinfecting of the floor, as well as washing hands with soap before handling the algae, and then using alcohol for sterilization, are essential steps. All conical flasks and bottles used for inoculation must be thoroughly disinfected. The white paper covering the bottle mouths should remain clean and be replaced regularly. Additionally, non-essential personnel should not enter the seed storage area to prevent introducing harmful bacteria. If bacterial contamination occurs, the algae may grow slowly and sink. In such cases, adding 10,000 international units of penicillin per liter of algae can help inhibit bacterial growth effectively. In the workshop, the main sources of pollution include bacteria, rotifers, and small protozoa. To manage this, the brush pools must be thoroughly cleaned to remove all potential pollutants. Standardized operations are necessary to avoid cross-contamination between pools and to prevent external pollution. If harmful organisms like rotifers affect algae growth, several methods can be applied: (1) Use a 60-micron sieve to filter the algae continuously for three days to remove large predators; (2) Apply 10–15 ppm of available chlorine to eliminate small pests; (3) Use 0.03% medical ammonia to kill flatworms and other unwanted organisms; (4) Add appropriate salt to the culture medium if amoebas are present, as certain halophilic algae can tolerate higher salinity and effectively control these pests; (5) For tip insects and Euphorbia species, acidify the algae solution with hydrochloric acid (1:11 dilution), lower the pH to 3, let it sit for an hour, then neutralize with sodium hydroxide to restore the original pH. After this treatment, the algae will typically resume normal movement and growth within a day. By following these practices, algae cultivation can be carried out more efficiently and successfully, ensuring a stable supply of live feed for aquaculture operations.

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