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Green-green turtle inoculation technology
The green tortoise, commonly referred to as "water jadeite," is a unique combination of medicinal, culinary, and decorative value. It has gained widespread popularity among consumers both domestically and internationally. Despite its name, the green turtle is not a rare species but rather a common freshwater turtle that naturally develops green algae on its shell. Due to the algae's fine, hair-like appearance, it is also known as the "green hair turtle." The key to successfully cultivating this species lies in the proper inoculation of the algae—often referred to as "green hair." Today, the technique of algae inoculation for green turtles has become a highlighted practice in aquaculture.
1. **Choosing the Turtle Species**
In China’s natural environment, there are 23 species of freshwater turtles. For cultivation, suitable species include the softshell turtle, yellow-throated turtle, flat-faced turtle, four-eyed turtle, and golden-headed turtle. Among these, the yellow-throated turtle is most preferred due to its adaptability and strong growth characteristics.
2. **Selecting the Algae Species**
The success of green turtle cultivation heavily depends on choosing the right type of algae. The so-called "green hair" on the turtle’s shell is actually a type of filamentous algae belonging to the genus *Chlorella* or similar. This algae is bright green, thick, and tough, making it difficult to remove once attached. It thrives in rivers, lakes, and mountain streams, often growing on rocks, walls, and boat hulls. Other types of filamentous green algae may also attach to the turtle, but they are not ideal for commercial cultivation. Table 1 highlights the differences between base algae and other filamentous green algae.
**Table 1: Differences Between Base Algae and Other Filamentous Green Algae**
- **Base Algae**: Has a rough surface with branches only at the base. The filaments are thick, firm, and hard to pull off.
- **Other Filamentous Green Algae**: Typically lighter in color, ranging from yellow-green to dark green. The filaments are thin, soft, and easily broken.
3. **Preparation Before Inoculation**
3.1 **Containers**
Choose containers with smooth inner walls and ensure they provide enough space for the turtles to move freely.
3.2 **Turtle Selection and Rearing**
Turtles used for green hair cultivation should be healthy, active, and free from shell damage. They should quickly submerge when placed in water. Female turtles are preferred, especially for species like the softshell turtle, as males can have an unpleasant odor. Before inoculation, the turtles’ shells must be cleaned and soaked in an 8mg/kg copper sulfate solution for 10–30 minutes, then rinsed thoroughly with clean water. A 2mg/kg potassium permanganate solution is applied for 30 minutes afterward. Turtles should be kept under intensive care and fasted for one week before inoculation to prevent water contamination.
3.3 **Shell Treatment**
The turtle’s shell should be gently sanded with sandpaper to create a better surface for algae attachment, but without causing injury or inflammation.
3.4 **Water Preparation**
The water used for inoculation should be clear, filtered, and free of sediment. Sun-exposed well water or tap water with a pH of 7 to 8.5 is ideal.
3.5 **Algae Cleaning**
Before inoculation, the selected algae should be thoroughly cleaned to remove any unwanted organisms such as ciliates or trichophytes.
3.6 **Inoculation Timing**
The growth rate of the algae is influenced by light and temperature. The optimal water temperature for spore release is 20–24°C, making spring and autumn the best seasons for inoculation.
4. **Inoculation Method**
Once the algae shows a large number of zoospores, it is ready for inoculation. The algae is chopped into small pieces and added to the turtle’s culture container. Each turtle weighing around 0.3 kg requires about 5–6 grams of algae. Containers should be transparent and open, with each turtle housed separately or in divided compartments. After inoculation, the turtles are kept in a moderately lit area with a water temperature of 22–24°C. Nutrient salts and 1% photosynthetic bacteria are added every 5–7 days.
After several months of proper care, short "green hairs" will begin to grow on the turtle’s shell. Within about four months, a full green covering can develop, reaching up to 9 cm in length. A product with green filaments measuring approximately 5 cm is considered high quality and marketable.