How to choose soybean herbicide varieties

First, the recommended selection of herbicides includes S-metolachlor, Metolachlor, Propalachlor, Alachlor, Isoprofen, Thifensulfuron, Sulfachlor, 90% Acetochlor, C Alfluoxamate, 2,4-diethylhexyl octanoate, and Oxathione. Among these, the safety order for amide herbicides applied before soybean emergence is generally good to poor: S-metolachlor = Metolachlor = Alachlor > Isoprofloxacin > 90% Acetochlor > 50% Acetochlor. However, Propalachlor should be used cautiously in low-lying areas, especially during the soybean seeding period. If applied before sowing or mixed with soil, it may cause contact phytotoxicity, which is non-systemic and usually recovers quickly. Severe root rot can occur under conditions such as low organic matter, loose soil, heavy rain, high humidity, and cold temperatures, especially when combined with Acetochlor or Oxathione. This can lead to significant yield losses.

The recommended dosage of Isoflurane is 480 g/ha, while Sulfachlor is suggested at 32 g/ha. A common mixed formulation includes 70% Dicamba, Isopropylate, and Isoflurane.

Post-emergence herbicides include Fluazifen, Acridine, Quizalofop, Flupirtine, Flurazepam, Quinacridon, Clethodim, Fomesafen, Grass Pine, Milk Fluoride Grass Spirit, Acifluorfen, and Iso-F Grass Pine. Among these, the safety of diphenyl ether herbicides to soybeans follows a similar order: Fomesafen > Milkfluprefon > Acifluorfen > Ethylfluoroacetate. For example, 25% Fomesafen is applied at 900 ml/ha during the compound leaf stage, and 1000 ml/ha during the 2–3 compound leaf stage.

To control annual grass weeds like Alfalfa Weed, Wild Oats, and Foxtail, options include Fluazifop-P-Fluor, Acridine, Quizalofop, High-Efficiency Flupirtine, Spermidine, Quinacridone, and Clethodim. The dose of 5% Quizalofop is increased to 1500 ml/ha. A typical mixed formulation contains 44% Carbazol, 18% Sulfinamide, Quinazoline, Isoflusoxone, 21%, 36% Sulfinamide, Quinazoline, Dexamethasone, 18%, and 36% Sulfamethoxazole. Pine Emulsion with 20.8% Fluorosulfonyl Acridine is also commonly used.

Second, some herbicides are conditionally recommended. Trimetin (Sec) is not advised for standalone use due to potential soybean injury. In low-organic-matter soils, 70% Oxaprozin at 300 g/ha is recommended, while in higher-organic-matter soils, up to 400 g/ha of active ingredient is acceptable. Resistance varies among soybean varieties, so field testing is essential before large-scale application. Oxathione should not be used in low-lying areas or during critical soybean growth stages. Soybean fields with less than 2% organic matter should avoid Oxaprozone.

2,4-D Isooctyl Ester is preferred over 2,4-D Butyl Ester. At 72%, it is applied at 750 ml/ha or less to control broadleaf weeds, but not recommended on sandy soils with less than 2% organic matter. It should not be mixed into the soil before sowing or applied during the soybean arch stage. In sensitive areas like Schisandra cultivation, 2,4-Diethylhexyl Ester must be used to prevent drift damage.

Trifluralin has been reduced in use due to its negative impact on soybean roots and root diseases. It is now only used in northern regions for autumn crops to control wild oats and other grasses.

Third, certain herbicides are not recommended. Poorly safe single or mixed formulations should be avoided. Pre-emergence herbicides like 50% Acetochlor, Acetylene (Acetochlor + 2,4-D Butyl Ester), Epineprazine (Acetochlor + Oxathione), Ding Ding Pu (2,4-Drip + Praxachlor + Acetochlor), B-F (Acetochlor + F), Lib-B (Leguuron + Acetochlor), and Dibutrazine-B (2,4-Dibutylbutyrate, Oxathione, Acetochlor) are discouraged. Similarly, pre-emergence herbicides such as Ethoxyfluazone, Refined Quinolones, Triacyl Carboxylates, Quizaloxine, Trifluasafers, Fine Quinoline, Quizaloxine, and Acetochlor are also not recommended.

Fourth, herbicide application varies by growth stage. During the fall and spring before sowing, S-metolachlor, Metolachlor, Isoprofen, Thifensulfuron, Sulfachlor, 90% Acetochlor, and Propynoxaflu are suitable. For the soybean arch stage, S-metolachlor, Metolachlor, Isoprofen, and Thifensulfuron are effective. During the true leaf stage, options include Iso-F Grass Pine, Grass Pine, Fluazifop, Acridine, Fine Quinoline Spirit, Efficient Flupirtine, Spermidine, Quinoxaline, and Clethodim.

In the one-leaf phase, herbicides like Iso-F Grass Pine, Imazapyr, Fomeid, Fluazifop-Porcine Ling, Acridine, Quizaloprene, High-Efficiency Flupirazine, Essence Fazolyl, Quinolone, and Clethodim are used. A common mixed formulation includes 18% Fluoxetine/Quinoline/Quinone/Frankincense Oil, 21% Fluoxetine/Quinacin/Quinacloxone Microemulsion, 36% Fluoxetine/Quinoline/Quinone/Vitae, 36% Fluoxetine Ff Pine Nut Oil, 18% Fluorosulfanilamide Isotrifluoroemulsion, 13.6% Fluoxinamide Quinazoline Isothiocyanate Microemulsion, 20.8% Fluorosulfamethoxazole EC, and 44% Carbendazim.

During the 2–3 compound leaf stage, single agents like Isoflufrax, Valeriana, Fluazifop, Acridine, Quizalofop, Flupirtine, Frazoxime, Quinoxaline, Clethodim, Triflumurin, Acifluorfen, Imazamox, and Fluorooxalic Acid are used. Mixed formulations include 18% Fluoxetine/Quinoline/Quinoline/Frankincyanolone, 21% Fluoxetine/Quinacin/Quinacloxone Microemulsion, 36% Fluoxetine/Quinoline/Quinone/Vitae, 36% Fluoxetine Ff Pine Nut Oil, 18% Fluorosulfanilamide Isotrifluoroemulsion, 13.6% Fluoxinamide Quinazoline Isothiocyanate Microemulsion, 20.8% Fluorosulfamethoxazole EC, and 44% Carbendazim.

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